Creating a HD Image on FreeBsd 4.5

[Ryan Baldwin]

I've spent the last couple of days trying to work out
how to create a HD image containing a
filesystem(ext2fs, ufs, fat32 not bothered at this
stage) with Grub installed.

I found a script 'mkbimage' which seems to be for
linux. Using what I had figured out at that stage I
managed to hack it around and can now create a floppy
disk image and boot it in bochs IA32 emulator. The
problem is I cant work out how to create a HD image.
Appended to this post is the script. As i've been
hacking it further it currently does not create a
filesystem on the image. Previously though I had it to
the stage where it would create the fs, mount it and
copy in the 'stuff'. The problem then was grub refused
to use the image complaing of a corrupt partition
table. Also I was unsure how the fact that their where
no BSD sub partitions would effect things - but as I
could mount the partition from FreeBsd I figured Grub
would be able to mount it too.

I am new to unix and now feeling a little frustrated.
I would greatly appreciate ANY help.

Thanks in advance
        Ryan

my - mkimage - 
My Appologies for the duplication in the script but I
dont know how else to get these things out to the
console.

As I mentioned above this version does not even create
a fs now ..... zzz

#!/bin/sh
# MaKe a Bootable IMAGE --- 1.44, 2.88 and El Torito
no-emulation mode
# C) 2001 Thierry Laronde <address@hidden>

# This program is free software; you can redistribute
it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or
(at your option)
# any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will
be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General
Public License
# along with this program; if not, you can either send
email to this
# program's maintainer or write to: The Free Software
Foundation,
# Inc.; 59 Temple Place, Suite 330; Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA.

# $Id: mkbimage,v 1.2 2001/10/14 15:19:55 tlaronde Exp
$

# Global variables
tarfile=
dir=
fs= #file system type
decompress=
image_type=

#----------------------------DON'T CHANGE: INTERNALS
block_size=512
cylinders=
heads=
sectors=
cyl_size=
type_option=
geo_option=
image=
bk_120=$((2 * 15 * 80))
bk_144=$((2 * 18 * 80))
bk_288=$((2 * 36 * 80))
bk_160=$((2 * 20 * 80))
bk_168=$((2 * 21 * 80))
bk_174=$((2 * 21 * 83))
lo_options=
device_map=
fdisk_config=
disklabel_config=
sectorspcylinder=
sectorspunit=

# Name by which this script was invoked.
program=`echo "$0" | sed -e 's/[^\/]*\///g'`
mkbimage_version='$Id: mkbimage,v 1.2 2001/10/14
15:19:55 tlaronde Exp $'

usage="
Usage: $program [-h] [-V] [-t TYPE] [-d DIRECTORY] [-s
FS_TYPE] -f TAR_FILE
Make a Bootable IMAGE using GRUB as a bootloader

Options:
 Actions:
 -d DIRECTORY [default CWD]
        Directory where the boot.image and the
partition subdirectories
        are/will be created
 -f TAR_FILE
        Name of the tar file containing the filesystem
to install. Can
        be a pure tar file [.tar] or a compressed tar
file
        [.tar.gz|.tar.bz2]
 -s FS_TYPE
        Type of the file system to create on the
virtual disk [default
        is ext2]. XXX: At the moment the script has
been designed for ext2.
 -t TYPE
        Type of the image to create. Choices are
'1.20', '1.44', '1.68', '1.74'
        '2.88' or 'hd' [default is hd]
 Informations:
 -h     display this Help and exit
 -V     display Version information and exit

Copyright (c) 2001 Thierry Laronde
<address@hidden>. GPLed."

version="$mkbimage_version
Written by Thierry Laronde.

Copyright (c) 2001 Thierry Laronde
<address@hidden>.
This is free software under the GPL version 2 or
later; see the source for
copying conditions.  There is NO warranty, not even
for MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."

# Functions

error ()
{
        case $1 in
        bug) echo "This is a bug!";
                echo "$usage";;
        option) echo "Unknow option"; echo "$usage";;
        missing_argument) echo "You must give an
argument to the option!";
                echo "$usage";;
        missing_option) echo "You must indicate at
least one option!";
                echo "$usage";;
        must_be_root) echo "You must be root!";;
        unknown_format) echo "The tar file must be
.tar|.tar.gz|.tar.bz2 !";;
        wont_fit) echo "The files won't fit on the
selected type of media!";;
        wrong_directory) echo "Directory inexistant or
not given!";
                echo "$usage";;
        wrong_file) echo "File inexistant or empty!";
                echo "$usage";;
        wrong_type) echo "The type specified is not a
valid one!";
                echo "$usage";;
        esac
        exit 1
}

#**********************************************************************
#                          MAIN PROGRAM               
               *
#**********************************************************************

#---------------------- Getting the options

[ $# -eq 0 ] && error missing_option;

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
        case "$1" in
                -d) shift;
                        dir="$1";
                        [ ! -d "$1" ] && error
wrong_directory;;
                -f) shift;
                        tarfile="$1";
                        [ -z "$tarfile" ] && error
missing_argument;;
                -s) shift;
                        fs="$1";;
                -t) shift;
                        image_type="$1";;
                -h) echo "$usage"; exit 0;;
                -V) echo "$version"; exit 0;;
                *) error option ;;
        esac
shift
done
#---------------------- Must be root
[ ! `id -u` -eq 0 ] && error must_be_root;

[ ! "$tarfile" ] && error missing_argument;
[ ! -s "$tarfile" ] && error wrong_file;

if [ ! "$image_type" ]; then
        image_type=hd;
elif [ "$image_type" != "1.20" -a "$image_type" !=
"1.44" \
  -a "$image_type" != "1.68" \
  -a "$image_type" != "2.88" -a "$image_type" !=
"1.74" \
  -a "$image_type" != "hd" -a "$image_type" != "1.60"
] ; then
  error wrong_type ;
fi

#---------------------- Initializations

[ ! "$dir" ] && dir=`pwd`
[ ! "$fs" ] && fs=ext2

# What type of tar file has been given ?

suffix=`echo "$tarfile" | sed -n
's/^.*\.\([targbz2]\{2,3\}\)$/\1/p'`
case "$suffix" in
        tar) decompress="cat";;
        gz) decompress="gunzip -c";;
        bz2) decompress="bunzip2 -c";;
        *) error unknown_format;;
esac

image=$dir/$image_type.image
device_map=$dir/device.map
fdisk_config=$dir/fdiskconfig
disklabel_config=$dir/disklabelconfig

# First, find the size of the tar file in block_size.
file_size=`$decompress $tarfile | wc -c | tr -d ' '`
file_size=$(($file_size / $block_size + 1))

case "$image_type" in
  hd) heads=16;
    sectors=63;
    cyl_size=$((16 * 63));
    # One cylinder for MBR and  one to round up
    cylinders=$(($file_size / $cyl_size + 2));
    sectorspcylinder=$(($sectors * $heads));
    sectorspunit=$(($sectors * $cylinders * $heads));;
  1.20) [ $file_size -ge $bk_120 ] && error wont_fit;
    heads=2;
    sectors=15;
    cyl_size=$((2 * 15));
    cylinders=80;;
  1.44) [ $file_size -ge $bk_144 ] && error wont_fit;
    heads=2;
    sectors=18;
    cyl_size=$((2 * 18));
    cylinders=80;;
  1.60) [ $file_size -ge $bk_160 ] && error wont_fit;
    heads=2;
    sectors=20;
    cyl_size=$((2 * 20));
    cylinders=80;
    geo_option="-F";;
  1.68) [ $file_size -ge $bk_168 ] && error wont_fit;
    heads=2;
    sectors=21;
    cyl_size=$((2 * 21));
    cylinders=80;;
  1.74) [ $file_size -ge $bk_174 ] && error wont_fit;
    heads=2;
    sectors=21;
    cyl_size=$((2 * 21));
    cylinders=83;;
  2.88) [ $file_size -ge $bk_288 ] && error wont_fit;
    heads=2;
    sectors=36;
    cyl_size=$((2 * 36));
    cylinders=80;;
  *) error bug;;
esac

type_option="-t $image_type"

[ "$image_type" = "1.60" ] && type_option=
# We start by creating a virtual disk which size is
the number of
# cylinders of $cyl_size mandatory to put the files
stocked in the $tarfile


# We then create the empty virtual disk
dd if=/dev/zero of=$image bs=$block_size
count=$(($cyl_size * $cylinders))

# We then format the virtual disk
# NOTE: the El Torito specification wants only one
partition. So we
# create the first, and the remaining 3 entries are
empty.

echo vnconfig -s labels -c vn0 $image
vnconfig -s labels -c vn0 $image

echo disklabel -r -w vn0 auto
disklabel -r -w vn0 auto






if [ "$image_type" = "hd" ]; then


cat<<EOT >$disklabel_config
# /dev/vn0c:
type: unknown
disk: amnesiac
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: $sectors
tracks/cylinder: $heads
sectors/cylinder: $sectorspcylinder
cylinders: $cylinders
sectors/unit: $sectorspunit
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0           # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0  # milliseconds
drivedata: 0

8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize
bps/cpg]
  c:    $sectorspunit        0    unused        0    
0               # (Cyl.    0 - 9*)
EOT
cat<<EOT
# /dev/vn0c:
type: unknown
disk: amnesiac
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: $sectors
tracks/cylinder: $heads
sectors/cylinder: $sectorspcylinder
cylinders: $cylinders
sectors/unit: $sectorspunit
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0           # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0  # milliseconds
drivedata: 0

8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize
bps/cpg]
  c:    $sectorspunit        0    unused        0    
0               # (Cyl.    0 - 9*)
EOT



echo disklabel -R  vn0 $disklabel_config
disklabel -R vn0 $disklabel_config

cat<<EOT
g  c$cylinders h$heads  s$sectors
EOT
cat<<EOT >$fdisk_config
g  c$cylinders h$heads  s$sectors
EOT
fdisk  -f $fdisk_config /dev/vn0
fdisk /dev/vn0


fi


echo newfs /dev/vn0c
newfs /dev/vn0c
mkdir ${image}1 2>/dev/null
mount /dev/vn0 ${image}1
$decompress $tarfile | tar -C ${image}1 -xf -

# Find stage2 name
stage2=
while [ ! "$stage2" ]; do
stage2=`find ${image}1 -type f -name stage2
2>/dev/null`
done

sync
umount ${image}1

#------------------------- GRUB stuff
if [ "$image_type" = "hd" ]; then
        device='(hd0)'
        root='(hd0,0,a)'
else
        device='(fd0)'
        root='(fd0)'
fi

cat<<EOT >$device_map
$device /dev/vn0c
EOT

grub --device-map=$device_map --batch<<EOT
geometry $device $cylinders $heads $sectors
root $root
setup $device
quit
EOT

vnconfig -u vn0

echo "-------------------WHAT'S
NEXT--------------------"
echo
echo

cat <<EOF
Enjoy!
EOF

exit 0



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