[task #16447] Median Absolute Deviation based clipping

[Mohammad Akhlaghi]

Follow-up Comment #2, task #16447 (project gnuastro):

A first implementation of MAD-clipping has been implemented in a development
branch. Here is the result for the test of the first comment below:

(file #55217)

As you see above, the circle is now much better masked (many more pixels from
inside the circle have been successfully removed. However, because the
circle's flux is so close to the noise, it is still porous! Causing leaks in
the median (and also the mean or STD) stacks.

To fix the problem with holes, a new operator has been added for a two-layered
clipping: after the first clip, it will find the bad pixels in each input,
making a binary image. The binary image is then dilated, holes are filled, and
then it is opened (one erosion and one dilation). This lead to a beautiful
masking of such porous regions; and thus completely removed their effect in
the stack:

(file #55218)

After the documentation is complete, I will merge this with the 'master'
branch.


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