Lilypond 2.22.1 fails with GitHub Actions

[Vít Novotný]

Continuous integration can be used to prepare complex documents
including sheet music. GitHub Actions is a proprietary continuous
integration service that provides free plans for public projects.
However, Lilypond seems to fail with GitHub Actions.

At https://github.com/witiko/lilypond-github-actions-example, I have
created a minimal working example of GitHub Actions failing to compile
an example Lilypond score. Here are the files from my example:

### document.ly

    \score {
      \relative c' {
        \time 4/4
        \clef treble
        c4 d8 e f8 g a b | c4 b8 a g8 f e d |
        c8 g' e g c,8 g' e g | c,4 e c r \bar "|."
      }
    }

### .github/workflows/main.yml

    name: Typeset document
    on:
      push:
      pull_request:
      workflow_dispatch:
    env:
      DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
    jobs:
      typeset-document:
        name: Typeset document
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        container:
          image: ubuntu:latest
        steps:
          - name: Checkout repository
            uses: actions/checkout@v2
          - name: Install Lilypond
            run: |
              set -e
              apt-get -qy update
              apt-get -qy install --no-install-recommends lilypond
          - name: Typeset score
            run: lilypond document.ly

GitHub Actions produces the following error [1] in the last step
of `.github/workflows/main.yml` (the `lilypond document.ly` command):

    Processing `document.ly'
    Parsing...
    document.ly:1: warning: no \version statement found, please add

    \version "2.22.1"

    for future compatibility
    Interpreting music...
    Preprocessing graphical objects...
    Finding the ideal number of pages...
    Fitting music on 1 page...
    Drawing systems...
    Converting to `document.pdf'...
    warning: g_spawn_sync failed (0): gs: Failed to close file
                                      descriptor for child process
                                      (Operation not permitted)
    fatal error: cannot rename `document-tmp-2786319.384671.pdf' to 
`document.pdf'

Do you have any idea what could cause this? Running the following
command locally compiles the example score just fine:

    $ docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD":/mnt -w /mnt ubuntu:latest
    # apt-get -qy update
    # apt-get -qy install --no-install-recommends lilypond
    # lilypond document.ly

This indicates that there is some issue with GitHub Actions.

Furthermore, removing `container: {image: ubuntu:latest}` from the file
`.github/workflows/main.yml` also makes GitHub Actions succeed in
compiling the score. [2] This indicates that the issue is specifically
with the way GitHub Actions runs Docker containers.

An extended discussion of this issue is available in the issue tracker
of an upstream project (LyLuatex) [3], where I first reported the issue
before discovering that we can reproduce the issue with just Lilypond.
Some discussion also took place in the GitLab repository of Lilypond [4],
but mostly I was told to ask here rather than at GitLab.

I understand that due to the proprietary nature of GitHub Actions, the
amount of digging is inherently limited. I am interested in whether this
is a known issue with a known workaround. Furthermore, the error message
indicates that this issue might related to Ghostscript rather than
Lilypond. Therefore, I will also appreciate any pointers, which would
allow me to make the example that demonstrates the failure tinier before
I run out of time and interest and report the issue to the GitHub people.

 [1]: 
https://github.com/witiko/lilypond-github-actions-example/actions/runs/3411927906
 [2]: 
https://github.com/witiko/lilypond-github-actions-example/actions/runs/3411907379
 [3]: https://github.com/jperon/lyluatex/issues/295
 [4]: https://gitlab.com/lilypond/lilypond/-/issues/6460

Best,
Vit

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