\initial { }
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash)}{21}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }<} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }"} escape sequence}{47}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }'} operator (\command {gawk})}{55}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }/} escape sequence}{47}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }>} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }`} operator (\command {gawk})}{55}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }a} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), as field separator}{70}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }b} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }B} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), continuing lines and}{27}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), continuing lines and, comments and}{28}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), continuing lines and, in \command {csh}}{28}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }f} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {gsub()}/\code {gensub()}/\code {sub()} functions and}{186}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), in bracket expressions}{51}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), in escape sequences}{46, 47}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), in escape sequences, POSIX and}{47}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), in regexp constants}{53}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), in shell commands}{21}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }n} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}\var {nnn} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }r} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), regexp operator}{48}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }s} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }S} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }t} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }v} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }w} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }W} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }x} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }} (backslash), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }y} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {-} (hyphen), \code {--} operator}{119, 128}
\entry {\code {-} (hyphen), \code {-=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {\code {-} (hyphen), filenames beginning with}{32}
\entry {\code {-} (hyphen), in bracket expressions}{51}
\entry {\code {<} (left angle bracket), \code {<} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {\code {<} (left angle bracket), \code {<} operator (I/O)}{80}
\entry {\code {<} (left angle bracket), \code {<=} operator}{122, 128}
\initial {!}
\entry {\code {!} (exclamation point), \code {!} operator}{125, 128, 133, 259}
\entry {\code {!} (exclamation point), \code {!=} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {\code {!} (exclamation point), \code {!~} operator}{45, 52, 56, 108, 122, 123, 129, 132}
\initial {"}
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\entry {\code {"} (double quote), in shell commands}{22}
\initial {#}
\entry {\code {#} (number sign), \code {#!} (executable scripts)}{19}
\entry {\code {#} (number sign), commenting}{20}
\initial {$}
\entry {\code {$} (dollar sign), \code {$} field operator}{63, 128}
\entry {\code {$} (dollar sign), incrementing fields and arrays}{119}
\entry {\code {$} (dollar sign), regexp operator}{48}
\initial {%}
\entry {\code {%} (percent sign), \code {%} operator}{128}
\entry {\code {%} (percent sign), \code {%=} operator}{118, 129}
\initial {&}
\entry {\code {&} (ampersand), \code {&&} operator}{125, 129}
\entry {\code {&} (ampersand), \code {gsub()}/\code {gensub()}/\code {sub()} functions and}{186}
\initial {'}
\entry {\code {'} (single quote)}{17}
\entry {\code {'} (single quote) in \command {gawk} command lines}{19}
\entry {\code {'} (single quote), in shell commands}{21}
\entry {\code {'} (single quote), vs.\: apostrophe}{20}
\entry {\code {'} (single quote), with double quotes}{22}
\initial {(}
\entry {\code {()} (parentheses), in a profile}{311}
\entry {\code {()} (parentheses), regexp operator}{49}
\initial {*}
\entry {\code {*} (asterisk), \code {*} operator, as multiplication operator}{128}
\entry {\code {*} (asterisk), \code {*} operator, as regexp operator}{49}
\entry {\code {*} (asterisk), \code {*} operator, null strings\comma {} matching}{186}
\entry {\code {*} (asterisk), \code {**} operator}{115, 128}
\entry {\code {*} (asterisk), \code {**=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {\code {*} (asterisk), \code {*=} operator}{118, 129}
\initial {+}
\entry {\code {+} (plus sign), \code {+} operator}{128}
\entry {\code {+} (plus sign), \code {++} operator}{119, 128}
\entry {\code {+} (plus sign), \code {+=} operator}{117, 129}
\entry {\code {+} (plus sign), regexp operator}{49}
\initial {,}
\entry {\code {,} (comma), in range patterns}{133}
\initial {.}
\entry {\code {.} (period), regexp operator}{48}
\entry {\code {.gmo} files}{316}
\entry {\code {.gmo} files, specifying directory of}{316, 317}
\entry {\code {.mo} files, converting from \code {.po}}{322}
\entry {\code {.po} files}{315, 319}
\entry {\code {.po} files, converting to \code {.mo}}{322}
\entry {\code {.pot} files}{315}
\initial {/}
\entry {\code {/} (forward slash) to enclose regular expressions}{45}
\entry {\code {/} (forward slash), \code {/} operator}{128}
\entry {\code {/} (forward slash), \code {/=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {\code {/} (forward slash), \code {/=} operator, vs. \code {/=\dots {}/} regexp constant}{118}
\entry {\code {/} (forward slash), patterns and}{132}
\entry {\code {/=} operator vs. \code {/=\dots {}/} regexp constant}{118}
\entry {\code {/dev/\dots {}} special files}{101}
\entry {\code {/dev/fd/\var {N}} special files (\command {gawk})}{101}
\entry {\code {/inet/\dots {}} special files (\command {gawk})}{307}
\entry {\code {/inet4/\dots {}} special files (\command {gawk})}{307}
\entry {\code {/inet6/\dots {}} special files (\command {gawk})}{307}
\initial {;}
\entry {\code {;} (semicolon), \env {AWKPATH} variable and}{437}
\entry {\code {;} (semicolon), separating statements in actions}{29, 137, 138}
\initial {=}
\entry {\code {=} (equals sign), \code {=} operator}{116}
\entry {\code {=} (equals sign), \code {==} operator}{122, 128}
\initial {>}
\entry {\code {>} (right angle bracket), \code {>} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {\code {>} (right angle bracket), \code {>} operator (I/O)}{98}
\entry {\code {>} (right angle bracket), \code {>=} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {\code {>} (right angle bracket), \code {>>} operator (I/O)}{98, 128}
\initial {?}
\entry {\code {?} (question mark), \code {?:} operator}{129}
\entry {\code {?} (question mark), regexp operator}{49, 55}
\initial {[}
\entry {\code {[]} (square brackets), regexp operator}{49}
\initial {^}
\entry {\code {^} (caret), \code {^} operator}{128}
\entry {\code {^} (caret), \code {^=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {\code {^} (caret), in bracket expressions}{51}
\entry {\code {^} (caret), in \code {FS}}{69}
\entry {\code {^} (caret), regexp operator}{48, 55}
\initial {_}
\entry {\code {_} (underscore), C macro}{316}
\entry {\code {_} (underscore), in names of private variables}{218}
\entry {\code {_} (underscore), translatable string}{318}
\entry {\code {_gr_init()} user-defined function}{243}
\entry {\code {_ord_init()} user-defined function}{223}
\entry {\code {_pw_init()} user-defined function}{240}
\initial {\\}
\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}{\tt \char 125}} (braces)}{311}
\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}{\tt \char 125}} (braces), actions and}{137}
\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}{\tt \char 125}} (braces), statements, grouping}{138}
\initial {|}
\entry {\code {|} (vertical bar)}{49}
\entry {\code {|} (vertical bar), \code {|} operator (I/O)}{81, 98, 128}
\entry {\code {|} (vertical bar), \code {|&} operator (I/O)}{82, 99, 128, 306}
\entry {\code {|} (vertical bar), \code {|&} operator (I/O), pipes\comma {} closing}{104}
\entry {\code {|} (vertical bar), \code {||} operator}{125, 129}
\initial {~}
\entry {\code {~} (tilde), \code {~} operator}{45, 52, 56, 108, 122, 123, 129, 132}
\initial {A}
\entry {accessing fields}{63}
\entry {accessing global variables from extensions}{373}
\entry {account information}{238, 242}
\entry {actions}{137}
\entry {actions, control statements in}{138}
\entry {actions, default}{24}
\entry {actions, empty}{24}
\entry {Ada programming language}{463}
\entry {adding, features to \command {gawk}}{448}
\entry {adding, fields}{65}
\entry {advanced features, fixed-width data}{72}
\entry {advanced features, \command {gawk}}{299}
\entry {advanced features, network programming}{307}
\entry {advanced features, nondecimal input data}{299}
\entry {advanced features, processes\comma {} communicating with}{305}
\entry {advanced features, specifying field content}{74}
\entry {Aho, Alfred}{6, 425}
\entry {alarm clock example program}{272}
\entry {\code {alarm.awk} program}{272}
\entry {algorithms}{460}
\entry {allocating memory for extensions}{362}
\entry {amazing \command {awk} assembler (\command {aaa})}{463}
\entry {amazingly workable formatter (\command {awf})}{463}
\entry {ambiguity, syntactic: \code {/=} operator vs. \code {/=\dots {}/} regexp constant}{118}
\entry {ampersand (\code {&}), \code {&&} operator}{125, 129}
\entry {ampersand (\code {&}), \code {gsub()}/\code {gensub()}/\code {sub()} functions and}{186}
\entry {\code {anagram.awk} program}{292}
\entry {anagrams, finding}{292}
\entry {and Boolean-logic operator}{124}
\entry {\code {and()} function (\command {gawk})}{196}
\entry {AND bitwise operation}{196}
\entry {ANSI}{463}
\entry {API informational variables}{386}
\entry {API version}{385}
\entry {arbitrary precision}{341}
\entry {arbitrary precision integers}{350}
\entry {archaeologists}{442}
\entry {arctangent}{176}
\entry {\code {ARGC}/\code {ARGV} variables}{149}
\entry {\code {ARGC}/\code {ARGV} variables, command-line arguments}{37}
\entry {\code {ARGC}/\code {ARGV} variables, how to use}{155}
\entry {\code {ARGC}/\code {ARGV} variables, portability and}{20}
\entry {\code {ARGIND} variable}{150}
\entry {\code {ARGIND} variable, command-line arguments}{37}
\entry {arguments, command-line}{37, 149, 155}
\entry {arguments, command-line, invoking \command {awk}}{31}
\entry {arguments, in function calls}{126}
\entry {arguments, processing}{233}
\entry {\code {ARGV} array, indexing into}{37}
\entry {arithmetic operators}{114}
\entry {array manipulation in extensions}{377}
\entry {array members}{161}
\entry {array scanning order, controlling}{164}
\entry {array, number of elements}{180}
\entry {arrays}{159}
\entry {arrays of arrays}{171}
\entry {arrays, an example of using}{162}
\entry {arrays, and \code {IGNORECASE} variable}{161}
\entry {arrays, as parameters to functions}{205}
\entry {arrays, associative}{160}
\entry {arrays, associative, library functions and}{218}
\entry {arrays, deleting entire contents}{169}
\entry {arrays, elements that don't exist}{161}
\entry {arrays, elements, assigning values}{162}
\entry {arrays, elements, deleting}{168}
\entry {arrays, elements, order of access by \code {in} operator}{163}
\entry {arrays, elements, retrieving number of}{178}
\entry {arrays, \code {for} statement and}{163}
\entry {arrays, indexing}{160}
\entry {arrays, merging into strings}{225}
\entry {arrays, multidimensional}{169}
\entry {arrays, multidimensional, scanning}{171}
\entry {arrays, numeric subscripts}{167}
\entry {arrays, referencing elements}{161}
\entry {arrays, scanning}{163}
\entry {arrays, sorting}{304}
\entry {arrays, sorting, and \code {IGNORECASE} variable}{305}
\entry {arrays, sparse}{160}
\entry {arrays, subscripts, uninitialized variables as}{167}
\entry {arrays, unassigned elements}{161}
\entry {artificial intelligence\comma {} \command {gawk} and}{430}
\entry {ASCII}{224, 465}
\entry {\code {asort()} function (\command {gawk})}{178, 304}
\entry {\code {asort()} function (\command {gawk}), arrays\comma {} sorting}{304}
\entry {\code {asorti()} function (\command {gawk})}{178, 304}
\entry {\code {asorti()} function (\command {gawk}), arrays\comma {} sorting}{304}
\entry {\code {assert()} function (C library)}{220}
\entry {\code {assert()} user-defined function}{221}
\entry {assertions}{220}
\entry {\option {--assign} option}{32}
\entry {assign values to variables, in debugger}{334}
\entry {assignment operators}{116}
\entry {assignment operators, evaluation order}{118}
\entry {assignment operators, lvalues/rvalues}{116}
\entry {assignments as filenames}{232}
\entry {associative arrays}{160}
\entry {asterisk (\code {*}), \code {*} operator, as multiplication operator}{128}
\entry {asterisk (\code {*}), \code {*} operator, as regexp operator}{49}
\entry {asterisk (\code {*}), \code {*} operator, null strings\comma {} matching}{186}
\entry {asterisk (\code {*}), \code {**} operator}{115, 128}
\entry {asterisk (\code {*}), \code {**=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {asterisk (\code {*}), \code {*=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {\code {atan2()} function}{176}
\entry {automatic displays, in debugger}{335}
\entry {\command {awf} (amazingly workable formatter) program}{463}
\entry {\command {awk} debugging, enabling}{33}
\entry {\command {awk} language, POSIX version}{118}
\entry {\command {awk} profiling, enabling}{35}
\entry {\command {awk} programs}{17, 19, 26}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, complex}{29}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, documenting}{20, 218}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, examples of}{251}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, execution of}{144}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, internationalizing}{198, 317}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, lengthy}{18}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, lengthy, assertions}{220}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, location of}{31, 33, 34}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, one-line examples}{25}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, profiling}{309}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, running}{17, 18}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, running, from shell scripts}{17}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, running, without input files}{18}
\entry {\command {awk} programs, shell variables in}{136}
\entry {\command {awk}, function of}{17}
\entry {\command {awk}, \command {gawk} and}{5, 7}
\entry {\command {awk}, history of}{6}
\entry {\command {awk}, implementation issues, pipes}{99}
\entry {\command {awk}, implementations}{443}
\entry {\command {awk}, implementations, limits}{83}
\entry {\command {awk}, invoking}{31}
\entry {\command {awk}, new vs.\: old}{6}
\entry {\command {awk}, new vs.\: old, \code {OFMT} variable}{112}
\entry {\command {awk}, POSIX and}{5}
\entry {\command {awk}, POSIX and, See Also POSIX \command {awk}}{5}
\entry {\command {awk}, regexp constants and}{123}
\entry {\command {awk}, See Also \command {gawk}}{5}
\entry {\command {awk}, terms describing}{7}
\entry {\command {awk}, uses for}{5, 17, 29}
\entry {\command {awk}, versions of}{413}
\entry {\command {awk}, versions of, changes between SVR3.1 and SVR4}{414}
\entry {\command {awk}, versions of, changes between SVR4 and POSIX \command {awk}}{414}
\entry {\command {awk}, versions of, changes between V7 and SVR3.1}{413}
\entry {\command {awk}, versions of, See Also Brian Kernighan's \command {awk}}{415, 444}
\entry {\command {awka} compiler for \command {awk}}{444}
\entry {\env {AWKLIBPATH} environment variable}{40}
\entry {\env {AWKPATH} environment variable}{39, 437}
\entry {\code {awkprof.out} file}{309}
\entry {\command {awksed.awk} program}{284}
\entry {\file {awkvars.out} file}{33}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {b} debugger command (alias for \code {break})}{330}
\entry {\option {-b} option}{32}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }})}{21}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }<} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }"} escape sequence}{47}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }'} operator (\command {gawk})}{55}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }/} escape sequence}{47}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }>} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }`} operator (\command {gawk})}{55}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }a} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), as field separator}{70}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }b} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }B} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), continuing lines and}{27}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), continuing lines and, comments and}{28}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), continuing lines and, in \command {csh}}{28}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }f} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {gsub()}/\code {gensub()}/\code {sub()} functions and}{186}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), in bracket expressions}{51}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), in escape sequences}{46, 47}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), in escape sequences, POSIX and}{47}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), in regexp constants}{53}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), in shell commands}{21}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }n} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}\var {nnn} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }r} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), regexp operator}{48}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }s} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }S} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }t} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }v} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }w} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }W} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }x} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {backslash (\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }}), \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }y} operator (\command {gawk})}{54}
\entry {\code {backtrace} debugger command}{335}
\entry {Beebe, Nelson H.F.\:}{12, 445}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern}{67, 134}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, and profiling}{309}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {assert()} user-defined function and}{222}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, Boolean patterns and}{133}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {exit} statement and}{146}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {getline} and}{83}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, headings\comma {} adding}{90}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {next}/\code {nextfile} statements and}{135, 145}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {OFS}/\code {ORS} variables, assigning values to}{91}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, operators and}{134}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {print} statement and}{135}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {pwcat} program}{241}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, running \command {awk} programs and}{252}
\entry {\code {BEGIN} pattern, \code {TEXTDOMAIN} variable and}{318}
\entry {\code {beginfile()} user-defined function}{230}
\entry {\code {BEGINFILE} pattern}{135}
\entry {\code {BEGINFILE} pattern, Boolean patterns and}{133}
\entry {Bentley, Jon}{466}
\entry {Benzinger, Michael}{426}
\entry {Berry, Karl}{12, 425}
\entry {\option {--bignum} option}{35}
\entry {binary input/output}{147}
\entry {\code {bindtextdomain()} function (C library)}{316}
\entry {\code {bindtextdomain()} function (\command {gawk})}{199, 317}
\entry {\code {bindtextdomain()} function (\command {gawk}), portability and}{321}
\entry {\code {BINMODE} variable}{147, 437}
\entry {bit-manipulation functions}{196}
\entry {\code {bits2str()} user-defined function}{197}
\entry {bitwise AND}{196}
\entry {bitwise complement}{196}
\entry {bitwise OR}{197}
\entry {bitwise XOR}{197}
\entry {bitwise, complement}{196}
\entry {bitwise, operations}{196}
\entry {bitwise, shift}{196}
\entry {body, in actions}{138}
\entry {body, in loops}{139}
\entry {Boolean expressions}{124}
\entry {Boolean expressions, as patterns}{132}
\entry {Boolean operators, See Boolean expressions}{124}
\entry {Bourne shell, quoting rules for}{21}
\entry {braces (\code {{\tt \char 123}{\tt \char 125}})}{311}
\entry {braces (\code {{\tt \char 123}{\tt \char 125}}), actions and}{137}
\entry {braces (\code {{\tt \char 123}{\tt \char 125}}), statements, grouping}{138}
\entry {bracket expressions}{49, 50}
\entry {bracket expressions, character classes}{51}
\entry {bracket expressions, collating elements}{52}
\entry {bracket expressions, collating symbols}{52}
\entry {bracket expressions, complemented}{49}
\entry {bracket expressions, equivalence classes}{52}
\entry {bracket expressions, non-ASCII}{52}
\entry {bracket expressions, range expressions}{50}
\entry {\code {break} debugger command}{330}
\entry {\code {break} statement}{142}
\entry {breakpoint}{326}
\entry {breakpoint at location, how to delete}{331}
\entry {breakpoint commands}{332}
\entry {breakpoint condition}{331}
\entry {breakpoint, delete by number}{331}
\entry {breakpoint, how to disable or enable}{331}
\entry {breakpoint, setting}{330}
\entry {Brennan, Michael}{2, 3, 12, 169, 284, 443, 444}
\entry {Brian Kernighan's \command {awk}}{29, 47, 55, 69, 82, 115, 135, 143, 144, 146, 169, 185, 186, 189}
\entry {Brian Kernighan's \command {awk}, extensions}{415}
\entry {Brian Kernighan's \command {awk}, source code}{444}
\entry {Brini, Davide}{293}
\entry {Brink, Jeroen}{23}
\entry {Broder, Alan J.\:}{426}
\entry {Brown, Martin}{426}
\entry {BSD-based operating systems}{474}
\entry {\code {bt} debugger command (alias for \code {backtrace})}{335}
\entry {Buening, Andreas}{12, 426, 443}
\entry {buffering, input/output}{191, 306}
\entry {buffering, interactive vs.\: noninteractive}{190}
\entry {buffers, flushing}{189, 191}
\entry {buffers, operators for}{55}
\entry {bug reports, email address, \code address@hidden
\entry {\code address@hidden bug reporting address}{442}
\entry {built-in functions}{175}
\entry {built-in functions, evaluation order}{175}
\entry {BusyBox Awk}{445}
\initial {C}
\entry {\option {-c} option}{32}
\entry {c.e., See common extensions}{10}
\entry {\option {-C} option}{32}
\entry {call by reference}{205}
\entry {call by value}{205}
\entry {call stack, display in debugger}{335}
\entry {caret (\code {^}), \code {^} operator}{128}
\entry {caret (\code {^}), \code {^=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {caret (\code {^}), in bracket expressions}{51}
\entry {caret (\code {^}), regexp operator}{48, 55}
\entry {\code {case} keyword}{141}
\entry {case sensitivity, and regexps}{148}
\entry {case sensitivity, and string comparisons}{148}
\entry {case sensitivity, array indices and}{161}
\entry {case sensitivity, converting case}{186}
\entry {case sensitivity, example programs}{217}
\entry {case sensitivity, \command {gawk}}{56}
\entry {case sensitivity, regexps and}{55}
\entry {CGI, \command {awk} scripts for}{33}
\entry {character classes, See bracket expressions}{49}
\entry {character lists in regular expression}{50}
\entry {character lists, See bracket expressions}{49}
\entry {character sets (machine character encodings)}{224, 465}
\entry {character sets, See Also bracket expressions}{49}
\entry {characters, counting}{269}
\entry {characters, transliterating}{274}
\entry {characters, values of as numbers}{223}
\entry {\option {--characters-as-bytes} option}{32}
\entry {Chassell, Robert J.\:}{12}
\entry {\code {chdir()} extension function}{398}
\entry {\command {chem} utility}{466}
\entry {\code {chr()} extension function}{404}
\entry {\code {chr()} user-defined function}{223}
\entry {\code {clear} debugger command}{331}
\entry {Cliff random numbers}{223}
\entry {\code {cliff_rand()} user-defined function}{223}
\entry {close file or coprocess}{189}
\entry {\code {close()} function}{102, 189}
\entry {\code {close()} function, portability}{103}
\entry {\code {close()} function, return value}{104}
\entry {\code {close()} function, two-way pipes and}{306}
\entry {Close, Diane}{10, 425}
\entry {Collado, Manuel}{12}
\entry {collating elements}{52}
\entry {collating symbols}{52}
\entry {Colombo, Antonio}{12, 427}
\entry {columns, aligning}{90}
\entry {columns, cutting}{251}
\entry {comma (\code {,}), in range patterns}{133}
\entry {command completion, in debugger}{338}
\entry {command line, arguments}{37, 149, 155}
\entry {command line, directories on}{86}
\entry {command line, formats}{17}
\entry {command line, \code {FS} on\comma {} setting}{69}
\entry {command line, invoking \command {awk} from}{31}
\entry {command line, option \option {-f}}{18}
\entry {command line, options}{31}
\entry {command line, options, end of}{32}
\entry {command line, variables\comma {} assigning on}{111}
\entry {command-line options, processing}{233}
\entry {command-line options, string extraction}{319}
\entry {\code {commands} debugger command}{332}
\entry {commands to execute at breakpoint}{332}
\entry {commenting}{20}
\entry {commenting, backslash continuation and}{28}
\entry {common extensions, \code {**} operator}{114}
\entry {common extensions, \code {**=} operator}{118}
\entry {common extensions, \code {/dev/stderr} special file}{101}
\entry {common extensions, \code {/dev/stdin} special file}{101}
\entry {common extensions, \code {/dev/stdout} special file}{101}
\entry {common extensions, \code {BINMODE} variable}{437}
\entry {common extensions, \code {delete} to delete entire arrays}{169}
\entry {common extensions, \code {func} keyword}{200}
\entry {common extensions, \code {length()} applied to an array}{180}
\entry {common extensions, \code {RS} as a regexp}{61}
\entry {common extensions, single character fields}{69}
\entry {common extensions, \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }x} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {\code {comp.lang.awk} newsgroup}{443}
\entry {comparison expressions}{120}
\entry {comparison expressions, as patterns}{132}
\entry {comparison expressions, string vs.\: regexp}{123}
\entry {compatibility mode (\command {gawk}), extensions}{415}
\entry {compatibility mode (\command {gawk}), file names}{102}
\entry {compatibility mode (\command {gawk}), hexadecimal numbers}{108}
\entry {compatibility mode (\command {gawk}), octal numbers}{108}
\entry {compatibility mode (\command {gawk}), specifying}{32}
\entry {compiled programs}{459, 466}
\entry {compiling \command {gawk} for Cygwin}{438}
\entry {compiling \command {gawk} for MS-DOS and MS-Windows}{436}
\entry {compiling \command {gawk} for VMS}{439}
\entry {compiling \command {gawk} with EMX for OS/2}{436}
\entry {\code {compl()} function (\command {gawk})}{196}
\entry {complement, bitwise}{196}
\entry {compound statements\comma {} control statements and}{138}
\entry {concatenating}{115}
\entry {\code {condition} debugger command}{331}
\entry {conditional expressions}{125}
\entry {configuration option, \code {--disable-extensions}}{433}
\entry {configuration option, \code {--disable-lint}}{433}
\entry {configuration option, \code {--disable-nls}}{434}
\entry {configuration option, \code {--with-whiny-user-strftime}}{434}
\entry {configuration options\comma {} \command {gawk}}{433}
\entry {constant regexps}{46}
\entry {constants, nondecimal}{299}
\entry {constants, numeric}{107}
\entry {constants, types of}{107}
\entry {continue program, in debugger}{332}
\entry {\code {continue} statement}{143}
\entry {control statements}{138}
\entry {controlling array scanning order}{164}
\entry {convert string to lower case}{186}
\entry {convert string to number}{183}
\entry {convert string to upper case}{186}
\entry {converting integer array subscripts}{167}
\entry {converting, dates to timestamps}{193}
\entry {converting, numbers to strings}{111, 198}
\entry {converting, strings to numbers}{111, 198}
\entry {\code {CONVFMT} variable}{112, 147}
\entry {\code {CONVFMT} variable, and array subscripts}{167}
\entry {cookie}{467}
\entry {coprocesses}{99, 306}
\entry {coprocesses, closing}{102}
\entry {coprocesses, \code {getline} from}{82}
\entry {\option {--copyright} option}{32}
\entry {\code {cos()} function}{176}
\entry {cosine}{176}
\entry {counting}{269}
\entry {\command {csh} utility}{28}
\entry {\command {csh} utility, \code {|&} operator, comparison with}{306}
\entry {\command {csh} utility, \env {POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable}{37}
\entry {\code {ctime()} user-defined function}{202}
\entry {currency symbols, localization}{316}
\entry {current system time}{193}
\entry {\code {custom.h} file}{434}
\entry {customized input parser}{365}
\entry {customized output wrapper}{368}
\entry {customized two-way processor}{370}
\entry {\command {cut} utility}{251}
\entry {\code {cut.awk} program}{252}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {d} debugger command (alias for \code {delete})}{331}
\entry {\option {-d} option}{33}
\entry {d.c., See dark corner}{10}
\entry {\option {-D} option}{33}
\entry {dark corner}{10, 467}
\entry {dark corner, \code {"0"} is actually true}{120}
\entry {dark corner, \code {/=} operator vs. \code {/=\dots {}/} regexp constant}{118}
\entry {dark corner, \code {^}, in \code {FS}}{69}
\entry {dark corner, array subscripts}{168}
\entry {dark corner, \code {break} statement}{143}
\entry {dark corner, \code {close()} function}{104}
\entry {dark corner, command-line arguments}{111}
\entry {dark corner, \code {continue} statement}{144}
\entry {dark corner, \code {CONVFMT} variable}{112}
\entry {dark corner, escape sequences}{38}
\entry {dark corner, escape sequences, for metacharacters}{48}
\entry {dark corner, \code {exit} statement}{146}
\entry {dark corner, field separators}{71}
\entry {dark corner, \code {FILENAME} variable}{83, 150}
\entry {dark corner, \code {FNR}/\code {NR} variables}{155}
\entry {dark corner, format-control characters}{93, 94}
\entry {dark corner, \code {FS} as null string}{69}
\entry {dark corner, input files}{61}
\entry {dark corner, invoking \command {awk}}{31}
\entry {dark corner, \code {length()} function}{180}
\entry {dark corner, locale's decimal point character}{112}
\entry {dark corner, multiline records}{76}
\entry {dark corner, \code {NF} variable, decrementing}{66}
\entry {dark corner, \code {OFMT} variable}{92}
\entry {dark corner, regexp as second argument to \code {index()}}{180}
\entry {dark corner, regexp constants}{109}
\entry {dark corner, regexp constants, \code {/=} operator and}{118}
\entry {dark corner, regexp constants, as arguments to user-defined functions}{109}
\entry {dark corner, \code {split()} function}{183}
\entry {dark corner, strings, storing}{63}
\entry {dark corner, value of \code {ARGV[0]}}{150}
\entry {data, fixed-width}{72}
\entry {database, group, reading}{242}
\entry {database, users\comma {} reading}{238}
\entry {data-driven languages}{460}
\entry {\command {date} utility, GNU}{192}
\entry {\code {date} utility, POSIX}{195}
\entry {dates, converting to timestamps}{193}
\entry {dates, information related to\comma {} localization}{317}
\entry {Davies, Stephen}{12, 426}
\entry {Day, Robert P.J.\:}{12}
\entry {\code {dcgettext()} function (\command {gawk})}{199, 317}
\entry {\code {dcgettext()} function (\command {gawk}), portability and}{321}
\entry {\code {dcngettext()} function (\command {gawk})}{199, 317}
\entry {\code {dcngettext()} function (\command {gawk}), portability and}{321}
\entry {deadlocks}{306}
\entry {\option {--debug} option}{33}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {b} (\code {break})}{330}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {backtrace}}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {break}}{330}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {bt} (\code {backtrace})}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {c} (\code {continue})}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {clear}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {commands}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {condition}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {continue}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {d} (\code {delete})}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {delete}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {disable}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {display}}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {down}}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {dump}}{337}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {e} (\code {enable})}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {enable}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {end}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {eval}}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {f} (\code {frame})}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {finish}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {frame}}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {h} (\code {help})}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {help}}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {i} (\code {info})}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {ignore}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {info}}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {l} (\code {list})}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {list}}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {n} (\code {next})}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {next}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {nexti}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {ni} (\code {nexti})}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {o} (\code {option})}{336}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {option}}{336}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {p} (\code {print})}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {print}}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {printf}}{334}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {q} (\code {quit})}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {quit}}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {r} (\code {run})}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {return}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {run}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {s} (\code {step})}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {set}}{334}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {si} (\code {stepi})}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {silent}}{332}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {step}}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {stepi}}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {t} (\code {tbreak})}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {tbreak}}{331}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {trace}}{338}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {u} (\code {until})}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {undisplay}}{334}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {until}}{333}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {unwatch}}{334}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {up}}{335}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {w} (\code {watch})}{334}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {watch}}{334}
\entry {debugger commands, \code {where} (\code {backtrace})}{335}
\entry {debugger default list amount}{336}
\entry {debugger history file}{336}
\entry {debugger history size}{336}
\entry {debugger options}{336}
\entry {debugger prompt}{336}
\entry {debugger, how to start}{327}
\entry {debugger, read commands from a file}{336}
\entry {debugging \command {awk} programs}{325}
\entry {debugging \command {gawk}, bug reports}{442}
\entry {decimal point character, locale specific}{36}
\entry {decrement operators}{119}
\entry {\code {default} keyword}{141}
\entry {Deifik, Scott}{12, 426, 443}
\entry {\code {delete} \var {array}}{169}
\entry {delete breakpoint at location}{331}
\entry {delete breakpoint by number}{331}
\entry {\code {delete} debugger command}{331}
\entry {\code {delete} statement}{168}
\entry {delete watchpoint}{334}
\entry {deleting elements in arrays}{168}
\entry {deleting entire arrays}{169}
\entry {Demaille, Akim}{12}
\entry {describe call stack frame, in debugger}{335}
\entry {differences between \command {gawk} and \command {awk}}{180}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {ARGC}/\code {ARGV} variables}{156}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {ARGIND} variable}{150}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, array elements, deleting}{169}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {AWKLIBPATH} environment variable}{40}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \env {AWKPATH} environment variable}{39}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {BEGIN}/\code {END} patterns}{135}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {BEGINFILE}/\code {ENDFILE} patterns}{135}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {BINMODE} variable}{147, 437}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {close()} function}{103, 104}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, command-line directories}{86}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {ERRNO} variable}{150}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, error messages}{100}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {FIELDWIDTHS} variable}{147}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {FPAT} variable}{147}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {FUNCTAB} variable}{151}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, function arguments (\command {gawk})}{175}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {getline} command}{78}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {IGNORECASE} variable}{148}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, implementation limitations}{83, 99}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, indirect function calls}{208}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, input/output operators}{82, 99}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, line continuations}{126}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {LINT} variable}{148}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {match()} function}{181}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {print}/\code {printf} statements}{94}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {PROCINFO} array}{151}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, read timeouts}{84}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, record separators}{61}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, regexp constants}{109}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, regular expressions}{56}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {RS}/\code {RT} variables}{62}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {RT} variable}{153}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, single-character fields}{69}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {split()} function}{183}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, strings}{107}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, strings, storing}{63}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {SYMTAB} variable}{153}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, \code {TEXTDOMAIN} variable}{149}
\entry {differences in \command {awk} and \command {gawk}, trunc-mod operation}{114}
\entry {directories, command-line}{86}
\entry {directories, searching}{295}
\entry {directories, searching for loadable extensions}{40}
\entry {directories, searching for source files}{39}
\entry {disable breakpoint}{331}
\entry {\code {disable} debugger command}{331}
\entry {\option {--disable-extensions} configuration option}{433}
\entry {\option {--disable-lint} configuration option}{433}
\entry {\option {--disable-nls} configuration option}{434}
\entry {\code {display} debugger command}{333}
\entry {display debugger options}{336}
\entry {division}{114}
\entry {documentation, of \command {awk} programs}{218}
\entry {documentation, online}{10}
\entry {documents\comma {} searching}{271}
\entry {dollar sign (\code {$}), \code {$} field operator}{63, 128}
\entry {dollar sign (\code {$}), incrementing fields and arrays}{119}
\entry {dollar sign (\code {$}), regexp operator}{48}
\entry {double quote (\code {"}), in regexp constants}{53}
\entry {double quote (\code {"}), in shell commands}{22}
\entry {\code {do}-\code {while} statement}{140}
\entry {\code {do}-\code {while} statement, use of regexps in}{45}
\entry {\code {down} debugger command}{335}
\entry {Drepper, Ulrich}{12}
\entry {Duman, Patrice}{12}
\entry {dump all variables of a program}{33}
\entry {\code {dump} debugger command}{337}
\entry {\option {--dump-variables} option}{33}
\entry {\option {--dump-variables} option, using for library functions}{218}
\entry {\code {dupword.awk} program}{271}
\entry {dynamic profiling}{311}
\entry {dynamically loaded extensions}{355}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {e} debugger command (alias for \code {enable})}{331}
\entry {\option {-e} option}{33, 37}
\entry {\option {-E} option}{33}
\entry {EBCDIC}{224}
\entry {effective group ID of \command {gawk} user}{151}
\entry {effective user ID of \command {gawk} user}{151}
\entry {\command {egrep} utility}{51, 256}
\entry {\code {egrep.awk} program}{257}
\entry {elements in arrays, assigning values}{162}
\entry {elements in arrays, deleting}{168}
\entry {elements in arrays, order of access by \code {in} operator}{163}
\entry {elements in arrays, scanning}{163}
\entry {elements of arrays}{161}
\entry {email address for bug reports, \code address@hidden
\entry {\code {EMISTERED}}{307}
\entry {empty array elements}{161}
\entry {empty pattern}{136}
\entry {empty strings}{61}
\entry {empty strings, See null strings}{68}
\entry {enable breakpoint}{331}
\entry {\code {enable} debugger command}{331}
\entry {\code {end} debugger command}{332}
\entry {\code {END} pattern}{134}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, and profiling}{309}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, \code {assert()} user-defined function and}{221}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, Boolean patterns and}{133}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, \code {exit} statement and}{146}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, \code {next}/\code {nextfile} statements and}{135, 145}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, operators and}{134}
\entry {\code {END} pattern, \code {print} statement and}{135}
\entry {\code {endfile()} user-defined function}{230}
\entry {\code {ENDFILE} pattern}{135}
\entry {\code {ENDFILE} pattern, Boolean patterns and}{133}
\entry {\code {endgrent()} function (C library)}{246}
\entry {\code {endgrent()} user-defined function}{246}
\entry {\code {endpwent()} function (C library)}{242}
\entry {\code {endpwent()} user-defined function}{242}
\entry {English, Steve}{299}
\entry {\code {ENVIRON} array}{150}
\entry {environment variables used by \command {gawk}}{39}
\entry {environment variables, in \code {ENVIRON} array}{150}
\entry {epoch, definition of}{467}
\entry {equals sign (\code {=}), \code {=} operator}{116}
\entry {equals sign (\code {=}), \code {==} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {EREs (Extended Regular Expressions)}{51}
\entry {\code {ERRNO} variable}{150, 308}
\entry {\code {ERRNO} variable, with \code {BEGINFILE} pattern}{136}
\entry {\code {ERRNO} variable, with \command {close()} function}{104}
\entry {\code {ERRNO} variable, with \command {getline} command}{78}
\entry {error handling}{100}
\entry {error handling, \code {ERRNO} variable and}{150}
\entry {error output}{100}
\entry {escape processing, \code {gsub()}/\code {gensub()}/\code {sub()} functions}{186}
\entry {escape sequences, in strings}{46}
\entry {\code {eval} debugger command}{333}
\entry {evaluate expressions, in debugger}{333}
\entry {evaluation order}{120}
\entry {evaluation order, concatenation}{115}
\entry {evaluation order, functions}{175}
\entry {examining fields}{63}
\entry {exclamation point (\code {!}), \code {!} operator}{125, 128, 259}
\entry {exclamation point (\code {!}), \code {!=} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {exclamation point (\code {!}), \code {!~} operator}{45, 52, 56, 108, 122, 123, 129, 132}
\entry {\option {--exec} option}{33}
\entry {\code {exit} statement}{146}
\entry {exit status, of \command {gawk}}{41}
\entry {exit status, of VMS}{441}
\entry {exit the debugger}{338}
\entry {\code {exp()} function}{176}
\entry {\command {expand} utility}{25}
\entry {Expat XML parser library}{408}
\entry {exponent}{176}
\entry {expressions}{107}
\entry {expressions, as patterns}{131}
\entry {expressions, assignment}{116}
\entry {expressions, Boolean}{124}
\entry {expressions, comparison}{120}
\entry {expressions, conditional}{125}
\entry {expressions, matching, See comparison expressions}{120}
\entry {expressions, selecting}{125}
\entry {Extended Regular Expressions (EREs)}{51}
\entry {extension API}{357}
\entry {extension API informational variables}{386}
\entry {extension API version}{385}
\entry {extension API, version number}{153}
\entry {extension example}{388}
\entry {extension registration}{363}
\entry {extension search path}{388}
\entry {extensions distributed with \command {gawk}}{398}
\entry {extensions, allocating memory}{362}
\entry {extensions, Brian Kernighan's \command {awk}}{415, 423}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {**} operator}{114}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {**=} operator}{118}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {/dev/stderr} special file}{101}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {/dev/stdin} special file}{101}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {/dev/stdout} special file}{101}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {BINMODE} variable}{437}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {delete} to delete entire arrays}{169}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {fflush()} function}{189}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {func} keyword}{200}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {length()} applied to an array}{180}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {RS} as a regexp}{61}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} single character fields}{69}
\entry {extensions, common\comma {} \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }x} escape sequence}{46}
\entry {extensions, in \command {gawk}, not in POSIX \command {awk}}{415}
\entry {extensions, loading, \code address@hidden directive}{43}
\entry {extensions, \command {mawk}}{423}
\entry {extensions, where to find}{407}
\entry {\code {extract.awk} program}{282}
\entry {extraction, of marked strings (internationalization)}{319}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {f} debugger command (alias for \code {frame})}{335}
\entry {\option {-f} option}{18, 31}
\entry {\option {-f} option, multiple uses}{36}
\entry {\option {-F} option}{31}
\entry {\option {-F} option, command-line}{69}
\entry {\option {-F} option, \option {-Ft} sets \code {FS} to TAB}{36}
\entry {false, logical}{120}
\entry {FDL (Free Documentation License)}{487}
\entry {features, adding to \command {gawk}}{448}
\entry {features, deprecated}{43}
\entry {features, undocumented}{44}
\entry {Fenlason, Jay}{6, 425}
\entry {\code {fflush()} function}{189}
\entry {field numbers}{64}
\entry {field operator \code {$}}{63}
\entry {field operators\comma {} dollar sign as}{63}
\entry {field separator, in multiline records}{76}
\entry {field separator, on command line}{69}
\entry {field separator, POSIX and}{71}
\entry {field separators}{67, 147, 148}
\entry {field separators, choice of}{67}
\entry {field separators, \code {FIELDWIDTHS} variable and}{147}
\entry {field separators, \code {FPAT} variable and}{147}
\entry {field separators, POSIX and}{63}
\entry {field separators, regular expressions as}{67, 68}
\entry {field separators, See Also \code {OFS}}{66}
\entry {field separators, spaces as}{253}
\entry {fields}{59, 63, 460}
\entry {fields, adding}{65}
\entry {fields, changing contents of}{65}
\entry {fields, cutting}{251}
\entry {fields, examining}{63}
\entry {fields, number of}{63}
\entry {fields, numbers}{64}
\entry {fields, printing}{89}
\entry {fields, separating}{67}
\entry {fields, single-character}{69}
\entry {\option {--field-separator} option}{31}
\entry {\code {FIELDWIDTHS} variable}{72, 147}
\entry {file descriptors}{100}
\entry {file inclusion, \code address@hidden directive}{42}
\entry {file names, distinguishing}{150}
\entry {file names, in compatibility mode}{102}
\entry {file names, standard streams in \command {gawk}}{101}
\entry {\option {--file} option}{31}
\entry {\code {FILENAME} variable}{59, 150}
\entry {\code {FILENAME} variable, \code {getline}\comma {} setting with}{83}
\entry {filenames, assignments as}{232}
\entry {files, \code {.gmo}}{316}
\entry {files, \code {.gmo}, specifying directory of}{316, 317}
\entry {files, \code {.mo}, converting from \code {.po}}{322}
\entry {files, \code {.po}}{315, 319}
\entry {files, \code {.po}, converting to \code {.mo}}{322}
\entry {files, \code {.pot}}{315}
\entry {files, \code {/dev/\dots {}} special files}{101}
\entry {files, \code {/inet/\dots {}} (\command {gawk})}{307}
\entry {files, \code {/inet4/\dots {}} (\command {gawk})}{307}
\entry {files, \code {/inet6/\dots {}} (\command {gawk})}{307}
\entry {files, \command {awk} programs in}{18}
\entry {files, \code {awkprof.out}}{309}
\entry {files, \file {awkvars.out}}{33}
\entry {files, closing}{189}
\entry {files, descriptors, See file descriptors}{100}
\entry {files, group}{242}
\entry {files, initialization and cleanup}{229}
\entry {files, input, See input files}{18}
\entry {files, log\comma {} timestamps in}{191}
\entry {files, managing}{229}
\entry {files, managing, data file boundaries}{229}
\entry {files, message object}{316}
\entry {files, message object, converting from portable object files}{322}
\entry {files, message object, specifying directory of}{316, 317}
\entry {files, multiple passes over}{38}
\entry {files, multiple\comma {} duplicating output into}{263}
\entry {files, output, See output files}{102}
\entry {files, password}{238}
\entry {files, portable object}{315, 319}
\entry {files, portable object template}{315}
\entry {files, portable object, converting to message object files}{322}
\entry {files, portable object, generating}{34}
\entry {files, processing\comma {} \code {ARGIND} variable and}{150}
\entry {files, reading}{230}
\entry {files, reading, multiline records}{76}
\entry {files, searching for regular expressions}{256}
\entry {files, skipping}{231}
\entry {files, source\comma {} search path for}{295}
\entry {files, splitting}{262}
\entry {files, Texinfo\comma {} extracting programs from}{281}
\entry {find substring in string}{180}
\entry {finding extensions}{388}
\entry {\code {finish} debugger command}{332}
\entry {Fish, Fred}{426}
\entry {fixed-width data}{72}
\entry {flag variables}{125, 263}
\entry {floating-point, numbers\comma {} arbitrary precision}{341}
\entry {floating-point, VAX/VMS}{441}
\entry {flush buffered output}{189}
\entry {\code {fnmatch()} extension function}{401}
\entry {\code {FNR} variable}{59, 151}
\entry {\code {FNR} variable, changing}{155}
\entry {\code {for} statement}{140}
\entry {\code {for} statement, looping over arrays}{163}
\entry {\code {fork()} extension function}{402}
\entry {format specifiers}{92}
\entry {format specifiers, mixing regular with positional specifiers}{320}
\entry {format specifiers, \code {printf} statement}{93}
\entry {format specifiers, \code {strftime()} function (\command {gawk})}{193}
\entry {format time string}{192}
\entry {formats\comma {} numeric output}{92}
\entry {formatting output}{92}
\entry {formatting strings}{183}
\entry {forward slash (\code {/}) to enclose regular expressions}{45}
\entry {forward slash (\code {/}), \code {/} operator}{128}
\entry {forward slash (\code {/}), \code {/=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {forward slash (\code {/}), \code {/=} operator, vs. \code {/=\dots {}/} regexp constant}{118}
\entry {forward slash (\code {/}), patterns and}{132}
\entry {\code {FPAT} variable}{74, 147}
\entry {\code {frame} debugger command}{335}
\entry {Free Documentation License (FDL)}{487}
\entry {Free Software Foundation (FSF)}{10, 429, 468, 469}
\entry {FreeBSD}{474}
\entry {\code {FS} variable}{67, 147}
\entry {\code {FS} variable, as null string}{69}
\entry {\code {FS} variable, as TAB character}{36}
\entry {\code {FS} variable, changing value of}{67}
\entry {\code {FS} variable, \code {--field-separator} option and}{31}
\entry {\code {FS} variable, running \command {awk} programs and}{252}
\entry {\code {FS} variable, setting from command line}{69}
\entry {\code {FS}, containing \code {^}}{69}
\entry {\code {FS}, in multiline records}{76}
\entry {FSF (Free Software Foundation)}{10, 429, 468, 469}
\entry {\code {fts()} extension function}{399}
\entry {\code {FUNCTAB} array}{151}
\entry {function calls}{126}
\entry {function calls, indirect}{208}
\entry {function calls, indirect, \code address@hidden for}{209}
\entry {function definition example}{201}
\entry {function pointers}{208}
\entry {functions, arrays as parameters to}{205}
\entry {functions, built-in}{126, 175}
\entry {functions, built-in, evaluation order}{175}
\entry {functions, defining}{199}
\entry {functions, library}{217}
\entry {functions, library, assertions}{220}
\entry {functions, library, associative arrays and}{218}
\entry {functions, library, C library}{233}
\entry {functions, library, character values as numbers}{223}
\entry {functions, library, Cliff random numbers}{223}
\entry {functions, library, command-line options}{233}
\entry {functions, library, example program for using}{285}
\entry {functions, library, group database\comma {} reading}{242}
\entry {functions, library, managing data files}{229}
\entry {functions, library, managing time}{225}
\entry {functions, library, merging arrays into strings}{225}
\entry {functions, library, rounding numbers}{222}
\entry {functions, library, user database\comma {} reading}{238}
\entry {functions, names of}{199}
\entry {functions, recursive}{200}
\entry {functions, string-translation}{198}
\entry {functions, undefined}{206}
\entry {functions, user-defined}{199}
\entry {functions, user-defined, calling}{202}
\entry {functions, user-defined, counts, in a profile}{311}
\entry {functions, user-defined, library of}{217}
\entry {functions, user-defined, \code {next}/\code {nextfile} statements and}{145, 146}
\initial {G}
\entry {\option {-g} option}{34}
\entry {G., Daniel Richard}{12, 443}
\entry {Garfinkle, Scott}{425}
\entry {\command {gawk} program, dynamic profiling}{311}
\entry {\command {gawk} version}{152}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {ARGIND} variable in}{37}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \command {awk} and}{5, 7}
\entry {\command {gawk}, bitwise operations in}{196}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {break} statement in}{143}
\entry {\command {gawk}, character classes and}{52}
\entry {\command {gawk}, coding style in}{448}
\entry {\command {gawk}, command-line options, and regular expressions}{55}
\entry {\command {gawk}, configuring}{434}
\entry {\command {gawk}, configuring, options}{433}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {continue} statement in}{144}
\entry {\command {gawk}, distribution}{430}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {ERRNO} variable in}{78, 104, 136, 150, 308}
\entry {\command {gawk}, escape sequences}{47}
\entry {\command {gawk}, extensions\comma {} disabling}{35}
\entry {\command {gawk}, features, adding}{448}
\entry {\command {gawk}, features, advanced}{299}
\entry {\command {gawk}, field separators and}{148}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {FIELDWIDTHS} variable in}{72, 147}
\entry {\command {gawk}, file names in}{101}
\entry {\command {gawk}, format-control characters}{93, 94}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {FPAT} variable in}{74, 147}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {FUNCTAB} array in}{151}
\entry {\command {gawk}, function arguments and}{175}
\entry {\command {gawk}, hexadecimal numbers and}{108}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {IGNORECASE} variable in}{56, 148, 161, 178, 305}
\entry {\command {gawk}, implementation issues}{447}
\entry {\command {gawk}, implementation issues, debugging}{447}
\entry {\command {gawk}, implementation issues, downward compatibility}{447}
\entry {\command {gawk}, implementation issues, limits}{83}
\entry {\command {gawk}, implementation issues, pipes}{99}
\entry {\command {gawk}, installing}{429}
\entry {\command {gawk}, internationalization and, See internationalization}{315}
\entry {\command {gawk}, interpreter\comma {} adding code to}{397}
\entry {\command {gawk}, interval expressions and}{50}
\entry {\command {gawk}, line continuation in}{126}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {LINT} variable in}{148}
\entry {\command {gawk}, list of contributors to}{425}
\entry {\command {gawk}, MS-DOS version of}{437}
\entry {\command {gawk}, MS-Windows version of}{437}
\entry {\command {gawk}, newlines in}{27}
\entry {\command {gawk}, octal numbers and}{108}
\entry {\command {gawk}, OS/2 version of}{437}
\entry {\command {gawk}, predefined variables and}{147}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {PROCINFO} array in}{151, 153, 192, 307}
\entry {\command {gawk}, regexp constants and}{109}
\entry {\command {gawk}, regular expressions, case sensitivity}{56}
\entry {\command {gawk}, regular expressions, operators}{54}
\entry {\command {gawk}, regular expressions, precedence}{50}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {RT} variable in}{61, 78, 153}
\entry {\command {gawk}, See Also \command {awk}}{5}
\entry {\command {gawk}, source code\comma {} obtaining}{429}
\entry {\command {gawk}, splitting fields and}{73}
\entry {\command {gawk}, string-translation functions}{198}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {SYMTAB} array in}{153}
\entry {\command {gawk}, \code {TEXTDOMAIN} variable in}{149}
\entry {\command {gawk}, timestamps}{191}
\entry {\command {gawk}, uses for}{5}
\entry {\command {gawk}, versions of, information about\comma {} printing}{36}
\entry {\command {gawk}, VMS version of}{439}
\entry {\command {gawk}, word-boundary operator}{55}
\entry {\code {gawkextlib}}{407}
\entry {\code {gawkextlib} project}{407}
\entry {G-d}{12}
\entry {General Public License (GPL)}{469}
\entry {General Public License, See GPL}{10}
\entry {generate time values}{192}
\entry {\option {--gen-pot} option}{34, 319}
\entry {\code {gensub()} function (\command {gawk})}{109, 178}
\entry {\code {gensub()} function (\command {gawk}), escape processing}{186}
\entry {\code {getaddrinfo()} function (C library)}{308}
\entry {\code {getgrent()} function (C library)}{242, 246}
\entry {\code {getgrent()} user-defined function}{242, 246}
\entry {\code {getgrgid()} function (C library)}{245}
\entry {\code {getgrgid()} user-defined function}{245}
\entry {\code {getgrnam()} function (C library)}{245}
\entry {\code {getgrnam()} user-defined function}{245}
\entry {\code {getgruser()} function (C library)}{246}
\entry {\code {getgruser()} function, user-defined}{246}
\entry {\code {getline} command}{59}
\entry {\code {getline} command, \code {_gr_init()} user-defined function}{243}
\entry {\code {getline} command, \code {_pw_init()} function}{241}
\entry {\code {getline} command, coprocesses\comma {} using from}{82, 102}
\entry {\code {getline} command, deadlock and}{306}
\entry {\code {getline} command, explicit input with}{78}
\entry {\code {getline} command, \code {FILENAME} variable and}{83}
\entry {\code {getline} command, return values}{78}
\entry {\code {getline} command, variants}{84}
\entry {\code {getline} from a file}{80}
\entry {\code {getline} into a variable}{79}
\entry {\code {getline} statement, \code {BEGINFILE}/\code {ENDFILE} patterns and}{136}
\entry {\code {getlocaltime()} user-defined function}{225}
\entry {\code {getopt()} function (C library)}{233}
\entry {\code {getopt()} user-defined function}{235}
\entry {\code {getpwent()} function (C library)}{238, 241}
\entry {\code {getpwent()} user-defined function}{238, 241}
\entry {\code {getpwnam()} function (C library)}{241}
\entry {\code {getpwnam()} user-defined function}{241}
\entry {\code {getpwuid()} function (C library)}{241}
\entry {\code {getpwuid()} user-defined function}{241}
\entry {\command {gettext} library}{315}
\entry {\command {gettext} library, locale categories}{316}
\entry {\code {gettext()} function (C library)}{316}
\entry {\code {gettimeofday()} extension function}{407}
\entry {\command {git} utility}{408, 444, 447, 449}
\entry {Git, use of for \command {gawk} source code}{451}
\entry {GNITS mailing list}{12}
\entry {GNU \command {awk}, See \command {gawk}}{5}
\entry {GNU Free Documentation License}{487}
\entry {GNU General Public License}{469}
\entry {GNU Lesser General Public License}{470}
\entry {GNU long options}{31}
\entry {GNU long options, printing list of}{34}
\entry {GNU Project}{10, 469}
\entry {GNU/Linux}{10, 322, 474}
\entry {Gordon, Assaf}{426}
\entry {GPL (General Public License)}{10, 469}
\entry {GPL (General Public License), printing}{32}
\entry {\command {grcat} program}{242}
\entry {Grigera, Juan}{426}
\entry {group database, reading}{242}
\entry {group file}{242}
\entry {group ID of \command {gawk} user}{152}
\entry {groups\comma {} information about}{242}
\entry {\code {gsub()} function}{109, 179}
\entry {\code {gsub()} function, arguments of}{185}
\entry {\code {gsub()} function, escape processing}{186}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {h} debugger command (alias for \code {help})}{338}
\entry {\option {-h} option}{34}
\entry {Hankerson, Darrel}{12, 426}
\entry {Haque, John}{426}
\entry {Hartholz, Elaine}{12}
\entry {Hartholz, Marshall}{12}
\entry {Hasegawa, Isamu}{426}
\entry {\code {help} debugger command}{338}
\entry {\option {--help} option}{34}
\entry {hexadecimal numbers}{107}
\entry {hexadecimal values\comma {} enabling interpretation of}{35}
\entry {history expansion, in debugger}{338}
\entry {\code {histsort.awk} program}{280}
\entry {Hughes, Phil}{12}
\entry {\code {HUP} signal, for dynamic profiling}{312}
\entry {hyphen (\code {-}), \code {--} operator}{119, 128}
\entry {hyphen (\code {-}), \code {-=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {hyphen (\code {-}), filenames beginning with}{32}
\entry {hyphen (\code {-}), in bracket expressions}{51}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {i} debugger command (alias for \code {info})}{335}
\entry {\option {-i} option}{34}
\entry {\command {id} utility}{260}
\entry {\code {id.awk} program}{260}
\entry {\code {if} statement}{138}
\entry {\code {if} statement, actions\comma {} changing}{133}
\entry {\code {if} statement, use of regexps in}{45}
\entry {\code {igawk.sh} program}{287}
\entry {ignore breakpoint}{331}
\entry {\code {ignore} debugger command}{331}
\entry {\code {IGNORECASE} variable}{148}
\entry {\code {IGNORECASE} variable, and array indices}{161}
\entry {\code {IGNORECASE} variable, and array sorting functions}{305}
\entry {\code {IGNORECASE} variable, in example programs}{217}
\entry {\code {IGNORECASE} variable, with \code {~} and \code {!~} operators}{56}
\entry {Illumos}{445}
\entry {Illumos, POSIX-compliant \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {implementation issues, \command {gawk}}{447}
\entry {implementation issues, \command {gawk}, limits}{83, 99}
\entry {implementation issues\comma {} \command {gawk}, debugging}{447}
\entry {\code {in} operator}{122, 129, 141}
\entry {\code {in} operator, index existence in multidimensional arrays}{170}
\entry {\code {in} operator, order of array access}{163}
\entry {\code {in} operator, testing if array element exists}{161}
\entry {\code {in} operator, use in loops}{163}
\entry {\code address@hidden directive}{42}
\entry {\option {--include} option}{34}
\entry {including files, \code address@hidden directive}{42}
\entry {increment operators}{119}
\entry {\code {index()} function}{180}
\entry {indexing arrays}{160}
\entry {indirect function calls}{208}
\entry {indirect function calls, \code address@hidden
\entry {infinite precision}{341}
\entry {\code {info} debugger command}{335}
\entry {initialization, automatic}{27}
\entry {\code {inplace} extension}{402}
\entry {input files}{59}
\entry {input files, closing}{102}
\entry {input files, counting elements in}{269}
\entry {input files, examples}{23}
\entry {input files, reading}{59}
\entry {input files, running \command {awk} without}{18}
\entry {input files, variable assignments and}{38}
\entry {input pipeline}{81}
\entry {input record, length of}{180}
\entry {input redirection}{80}
\entry {input, data\comma {} nondecimal}{299}
\entry {input, explicit}{78}
\entry {input, files, See input files}{76}
\entry {input, multiline records}{76}
\entry {input, splitting into records}{59}
\entry {input, standard}{18, 100}
\entry {input/output functions}{189}
\entry {input/output, binary}{147}
\entry {input/output, from \code {BEGIN} and \code {END}}{135}
\entry {input/output, two-way}{306}
\entry {insomnia, cure for}{272}
\entry {installation, VMS}{439}
\entry {installing \command {gawk}}{429}
\entry {instruction tracing, in debugger}{336}
\entry {\code {int()} function}{176}
\entry {\code {INT} signal (MS-Windows)}{312}
\entry {integer array indices}{167}
\entry {integers, arbitrary precision}{350}
\entry {integers, unsigned}{341}
\entry {interacting with other programs}{190}
\entry {internationalization}{198, 315}
\entry {internationalization, localization}{149, 315}
\entry {internationalization, localization, character classes}{52}
\entry {internationalization, localization, \command {gawk} and}{315}
\entry {internationalization, localization, locale categories}{316}
\entry {internationalization, localization, marked strings}{317}
\entry {internationalization, localization, portability and}{320}
\entry {internationalizing a program}{315}
\entry {interpreted programs}{459, 469}
\entry {interval expressions, regexp operator}{50}
\entry {\code {inventory-shipped} file}{23}
\entry {invoke shell command}{190}
\entry {\code {isarray()} function (\command {gawk})}{198}
\entry {ISO}{470}
\entry {ISO 8859-1}{465}
\entry {ISO Latin-1}{465}
\initial {J}
\entry {Jacobs, Andrew}{239}
\entry {Jaegermann, Michal}{12, 426}
\entry {Java implementation of \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {Java programming language}{470}
\entry {\command {jawk}}{445}
\entry {Jedi knights}{44}
\entry {Johansen, Chris}{293}
\entry {\code {join()} user-defined function}{225}
\initial {K}
\entry {Kahrs, J\"urgen}{12, 426}
\entry {Kasal, Stepan}{12}
\entry {Kenobi, Obi-Wan}{44}
\entry {Kernighan, Brian}{6, 10, 12, 81, 115, 217, 415, 425, 444, 461, 466}
\entry {\command {kill} command\comma {} dynamic profiling}{312}
\entry {Knights, jedi}{44}
\entry {Kwok, Conrad}{425}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {l} debugger command (alias for \code {list})}{338}
\entry {\option {-l} option}{34}
\entry {\option {-L} option}{36}
\entry {\code {labels.awk} program}{277}
\entry {Langston, Peter}{299}
\entry {languages\comma {} data-driven}{460}
\entry {\code {LC_ALL} locale category}{317}
\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE} locale category}{316}
\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE} locale category}{316}
\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES} locale category}{316}
\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES} locale category, \code {bindtextdomain()} function (\command {gawk})}{318}
\entry {\code {LC_MONETARY} locale category}{316}
\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC} locale category}{317}
\entry {\code {LC_TIME} locale category}{317}
\entry {left angle bracket (\code {<}), \code {<} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {left angle bracket (\code {<}), \code {<} operator (I/O)}{80}
\entry {left angle bracket (\code {<}), \code {<=} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {left shift}{197}
\entry {left shift, bitwise}{196}
\entry {leftmost longest match}{76}
\entry {length of input record}{180}
\entry {length of string}{180}
\entry {\code {length()} function}{180}
\entry {Lesser General Public License (LGPL)}{470}
\entry {LGPL (Lesser General Public License)}{470}
\entry {libmawk}{445}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions}{217}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, assertions}{220}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, associative arrays and}{218}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, character values as numbers}{223}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, command-line options}{233}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, example program for using}{285}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, group database, reading}{242}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, managing, data files}{229}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, managing, time}{225}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, merging arrays into strings}{225}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, rounding numbers}{222}
\entry {libraries of \command {awk} functions, user database, reading}{238}
\entry {line breaks}{27}
\entry {line continuations}{125}
\entry {line continuations, \command {gawk}}{126}
\entry {line continuations, in \code {print} statement}{90}
\entry {line continuations, with C shell}{27}
\entry {lines, blank, printing}{89}
\entry {lines, counting}{269}
\entry {lines, duplicate\comma {} removing}{280}
\entry {lines, matching ranges of}{133}
\entry {lines, skipping between markers}{133}
\entry {lint checking}{148}
\entry {lint checking, array elements}{168}
\entry {lint checking, array subscripts}{168}
\entry {lint checking, empty programs}{31}
\entry {lint checking, issuing warnings}{34}
\entry {lint checking, \env {POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable}{37}
\entry {lint checking, undefined functions}{206}
\entry {\option {--lint} option}{31, 34}
\entry {\code {LINT} variable}{148}
\entry {\option {--lint-old} option}{36}
\entry {Linux}{10, 322, 474}
\entry {list all global variables, in debugger}{336}
\entry {\code {list} debugger command}{338}
\entry {list function definitions, in debugger}{335}
\entry {\code address@hidden directive}{43}
\entry {\option {--load} option}{34}
\entry {loading extensions, \code address@hidden directive}{43}
\entry {loading, extensions}{34}
\entry {local variables, in a function}{203}
\entry {locale categories}{316}
\entry {locale decimal point character}{36}
\entry {locale, definition of}{129}
\entry {localization}{315}
\entry {localization, See internationalization\comma {} localization}{315}
\entry {log files, timestamps in}{191}
\entry {\code {log()} function}{176}
\entry {logarithm}{176}
\entry {logical false/true}{120}
\entry {logical operators, See Boolean expressions}{124}
\entry {login information}{238}
\entry {long options}{31}
\entry {loops}{139}
\entry {loops, \code {break} statement and}{142}
\entry {loops, \code {continue} statements and}{141}
\entry {loops, count for header, in a profile}{311}
\entry {loops, \code {do}-\code {while}}{140}
\entry {loops, exiting}{142}
\entry {loops, \code {for}, array scanning}{163}
\entry {loops, \code {for}, iterative}{140}
\entry {loops, See Also \code {while} statement}{139}
\entry {loops, \code {while}}{139}
\entry {\command {ls} utility}{26}
\entry {\code {lshift()} function (\command {gawk})}{197}
\entry {lvalues/rvalues}{116}
\initial {M}
\entry {\option {-M} option}{35}
\entry {mailing labels\comma {} printing}{276}
\entry {mailing list, GNITS}{12}
\entry {\code {mail-list} file}{23}
\entry {Malmberg, John}{12, 443}
\entry {Malmberg, John E.}{427}
\entry {mark parity}{224}
\entry {marked string extraction (internationalization)}{319}
\entry {marked strings\comma {} extracting}{319}
\entry {Marx, Groucho}{120}
\entry {match regexp in string}{180}
\entry {\code {match()} function}{180}
\entry {\code {match()} function, \code {RSTART}/\code {RLENGTH} variables}{181}
\entry {matching, expressions, See comparison expressions}{120}
\entry {matching, leftmost longest}{76}
\entry {matching, null strings}{186}
\entry {\command {mawk} utility}{47, 82, 115, 146, 444}
\entry {maximum precision supported by MPFR library}{153}
\entry {McIlroy, Doug}{467}
\entry {McPhee, Patrick}{426}
\entry {message object files}{316}
\entry {message object files, converting from portable object files}{322}
\entry {message object files, specifying directory of}{316, 317}
\entry {messages from extensions}{371}
\entry {metacharacters in regular expressions}{48}
\entry {metacharacters, escape sequences for}{48}
\entry {minimum precision required by MPFR library}{153}
\entry {\code {mktime()} function (\command {gawk})}{192}
\entry {modifiers\comma {} in format specifiers}{94}
\entry {monetary information, localization}{316}
\entry {Moore, Duncan}{83}
\entry {\command {msgfmt} utility}{322}
\entry {multiple precision}{341}
\entry {multiple-line records}{76}
\initial {N}
\entry {\code {n} debugger command (alias for \code {next})}{332}
\entry {\option {-n} option}{35}
\entry {\option {-N} option}{35}
\entry {names, arrays/variables}{218}
\entry {names, functions}{199, 218}
\entry {namespace issues}{218}
\entry {namespace issues, functions}{199}
\entry {NetBSD}{474}
\entry {networks, programming}{307}
\entry {networks, support for}{101}
\entry {newlines}{27, 36, 125}
\entry {newlines, as field separators}{68}
\entry {newlines, as record separators}{59}
\entry {newlines, in dynamic regexps}{54}
\entry {newlines, in regexp constants}{54}
\entry {newlines, printing}{89}
\entry {newlines, separating statements in actions}{137, 138}
\entry {\code {next} debugger command}{332}
\entry {\code {next file} statement}{420}
\entry {\code {next} statement}{125, 144}
\entry {\code {next} statement, \code {BEGIN}/\code {END} patterns and}{135}
\entry {\code {next} statement, \code {BEGINFILE}/\code {ENDFILE} patterns and}{136}
\entry {\code {next} statement, user-defined functions and}{145}
\entry {\code {nextfile} statement}{145}
\entry {\code {nextfile} statement, \code {BEGIN}/\code {END} patterns and}{135}
\entry {\code {nextfile} statement, \code {BEGINFILE}/\code {ENDFILE} patterns and}{136}
\entry {\code {nextfile} statement, user-defined functions and}{146}
\entry {\code {nexti} debugger command}{332}
\entry {\code {NF} variable}{63, 151}
\entry {\code {NF} variable, decrementing}{66}
\entry {\code {ni} debugger command (alias for \code {nexti})}{332}
\entry {\code {noassign.awk} program}{233}
\entry {\option {--non-decimal-data} option}{35, 299}
\entry {\option {--non-decimal-data} option, \code {strtonum()} function and}{299}
\entry {non-existent array elements}{161}
\entry {not Boolean-logic operator}{124}
\entry {\code address@hidden for indirect function calls}{209}
\entry {\code {NR} variable}{59, 151}
\entry {\code {NR} variable, changing}{155}
\entry {null strings}{61, 68, 120, 461}
\entry {null strings in \command {gawk} arguments, quoting and}{22}
\entry {null strings, and deleting array elements}{168}
\entry {null strings, as array subscripts}{168}
\entry {null strings, converting numbers to strings}{112}
\entry {null strings, matching}{186}
\entry {number as string of bits}{198}
\entry {number of array elements}{180}
\entry {number sign (\code {#}), \code {#!} (executable scripts)}{19}
\entry {number sign (\code {#}), commenting}{20}
\entry {numbers, as array subscripts}{167}
\entry {numbers, as values of characters}{223}
\entry {numbers, Cliff random}{223}
\entry {numbers, converting}{111, 198}
\entry {numbers, converting, to strings}{147, 148}
\entry {numbers, hexadecimal}{107}
\entry {numbers, octal}{107}
\entry {numbers, rounding}{222}
\entry {numeric constants}{107}
\entry {numeric functions}{176}
\entry {numeric, output format}{92}
\entry {numeric, strings}{121}
\initial {O}
\entry {\code {o} debugger command (alias for \code {option})}{336}
\entry {\option {-o} option}{35}
\entry {\option {-O} option}{35}
\entry {obsolete features}{43}
\entry {octal numbers}{107}
\entry {octal values\comma {} enabling interpretation of}{35}
\entry {\code {OFMT} variable}{92, 112, 148}
\entry {\code {OFMT} variable, POSIX \command {awk} and}{92}
\entry {\code {OFS} variable}{66, 91, 148}
\entry {OpenBSD}{474}
\entry {OpenSolaris}{445}
\entry {operating systems, BSD-based}{10}
\entry {operating systems, PC, \command {gawk} on}{437}
\entry {operating systems, PC\comma {} \command {gawk} on, installing}{435}
\entry {operating systems, porting \command {gawk} to}{449}
\entry {operating systems, See Also GNU/Linux\comma {} PC operating systems\comma {} Unix}{429}
\entry {operations, bitwise}{196}
\entry {operators, arithmetic}{114}
\entry {operators, assignment}{116}
\entry {operators, assignment, evaluation order}{118}
\entry {operators, Boolean, See Boolean expressions}{124}
\entry {operators, decrement/increment}{119}
\entry {operators, GNU-specific}{54}
\entry {operators, input/output}{80, 81, 82, 98, 99, 128}
\entry {operators, logical, See Boolean expressions}{124}
\entry {operators, precedence}{120, 128}
\entry {operators, relational, See operators\comma {} comparison}{120}
\entry {operators, short-circuit}{125}
\entry {operators, string}{115}
\entry {operators, string-matching}{45}
\entry {operators, string-matching, for buffers}{55}
\entry {operators, word-boundary (\command {gawk})}{55}
\entry {\option {--optimize} option}{35}
\entry {\code {option} debugger command}{336}
\entry {options, command-line}{31}
\entry {options, command-line, end of}{32}
\entry {options, command-line, invoking \command {awk}}{31}
\entry {options, command-line, processing}{233}
\entry {options, deprecated}{43}
\entry {options, long}{31}
\entry {options, printing list of}{34}
\entry {or Boolean-logic operator}{124}
\entry {\code {or()} function (\command {gawk})}{197}
\entry {OR bitwise operation}{196}
\entry {\code {ord()} extension function}{404}
\entry {\code {ord()} user-defined function}{223}
\entry {order of evaluation, concatenation}{115}
\entry {\code {ORS} variable}{91, 148}
\entry {output field separator, See \code {OFS} variable}{66}
\entry {output record separator, See \code {ORS} variable}{91}
\entry {output redirection}{97}
\entry {output wrapper}{368}
\entry {output, buffering}{189, 191}
\entry {output, duplicating into files}{263}
\entry {output, files\comma {} closing}{102}
\entry {output, format specifier\comma {} \code {OFMT}}{92}
\entry {output, formatted}{92}
\entry {output, pipes}{98}
\entry {output, printing, See printing}{89}
\entry {output, records}{91}
\entry {output, standard}{100}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {p} debugger command (alias for \code {print})}{333}
\entry {\option {-p} option}{35}
\entry {\option {-P} option}{35}
\entry {Papadopoulos, Panos}{427}
\entry {parent process ID of \command {gawk} process}{152}
\entry {parentheses \code {()}, in a profile}{311}
\entry {parentheses \code {()}, regexp operator}{49}
\entry {password file}{238}
\entry {\code {patsplit()} function (\command {gawk})}{182}
\entry {patterns}{131}
\entry {patterns, comparison expressions as}{132}
\entry {patterns, counts, in a profile}{311}
\entry {patterns, default}{24}
\entry {patterns, empty}{136}
\entry {patterns, expressions as}{131}
\entry {patterns, ranges in}{133}
\entry {patterns, regexp constants as}{132}
\entry {patterns, types of}{131}
\entry {\command {pawk} (profiling version of Brian Kernighan's \command {awk})}{445}
\entry {\code {pawk}, \command {awk}-like facilities for Python}{445}
\entry {PC operating systems, \command {gawk} on}{437}
\entry {PC operating systems\comma {} \command {gawk} on, installing}{435}
\entry {percent sign (\code {%}), \code {%} operator}{128}
\entry {percent sign (\code {%}), \code {%=} operator}{118, 129}
\entry {period (\code {.}), regexp operator}{48}
\entry {Perl}{453}
\entry {Peters, Arno}{426}
\entry {Peterson, Hal}{425}
\entry {pipe, closing}{102}
\entry {pipe, input}{81}
\entry {pipe, output}{98}
\entry {Pitts, Dave}{12, 443}
\entry {Plauger, P.J.\:}{217}
\entry {plug-in}{355}
\entry {plus sign (\code {+}), \code {+} operator}{128}
\entry {plus sign (\code {+}), \code {++} operator}{119, 128}
\entry {plus sign (\code {+}), \code {+=} operator}{117, 129}
\entry {plus sign (\code {+}), regexp operator}{49}
\entry {pointers to functions}{208}
\entry {portability}{47}
\entry {portability, \code {#!} (executable scripts)}{20}
\entry {portability, \code {**} operator and}{115}
\entry {portability, \code {**=} operator and}{118}
\entry {portability, \code {ARGV} variable}{20}
\entry {portability, backslash continuation and}{28}
\entry {portability, backslash in escape sequences}{47}
\entry {portability, \code {close()} function and}{103}
\entry {portability, data files as single record}{63}
\entry {portability, deleting array elements}{169}
\entry {portability, example programs}{217}
\entry {portability, functions\comma {} defining}{201}
\entry {portability, \command {gawk}}{449}
\entry {portability, \command {gettext} library and}{315}
\entry {portability, internationalization and}{320}
\entry {portability, \code {length()} function}{180}
\entry {portability, new \command {awk} vs.\: old \command {awk}}{112}
\entry {portability, \code {next} statement in user-defined functions}{206}
\entry {portability, \code {NF} variable\comma {} decrementing}{66}
\entry {portability, operators}{120}
\entry {portability, operators, not in POSIX \command {awk}}{129}
\entry {portability, \env {POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable}{37}
\entry {portability, \code {substr()} function}{185}
\entry {portable object files}{315, 319}
\entry {portable object files, converting to message object files}{322}
\entry {portable object files, generating}{34}
\entry {portable object template files}{315}
\entry {porting \command {gawk}}{449}
\entry {positional specifiers, \code {printf} statement}{94, 319}
\entry {positional specifiers, \code {printf} statement, mixing with regular formats}{320}
\entry {\option {--posix} option}{35}
\entry {\option {--posix} option, \code {--traditional} option and}{36}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}}{7, 118}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {<} operator and}{80}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {**} operator and}{129}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {**=} operator and}{118}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {|} I/O operator and}{82}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, arithmetic operators and}{114}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, backslashes in string constants}{47}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {BEGIN}/\code {END} patterns}{135}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, bracket expressions and}{51}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, bracket expressions and, character classes}{51, 52}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {break} statement and}{143}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, changes in \command {awk} versions}{414}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {continue} statement and}{144}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {CONVFMT} variable and}{147}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {date} utility and}{195}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, field separators and}{63, 71}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {FS} variable and}{148}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {function} keyword in}{200}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, functions and, \code {gsub()}/\code {sub()}}{187}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, functions and, \code {length()}}{180}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, GNU long options and}{31}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, interval expressions in}{50}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {next}/\code {nextfile} statements and}{145}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, numeric strings and}{121}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {OFMT} variable and}{92, 112}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, period (\code {.})\comma {} using}{49}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, \code {printf} format strings and}{96}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, regular expressions and}{50}
\entry {POSIX \command {awk}, timestamps and}{191}
\entry {POSIX mode}{35, 37}
\entry {POSIX, \command {awk} and}{5}
\entry {POSIX, \command {gawk} extensions not included in}{415}
\entry {POSIX, programs\comma {} implementing in \command {awk}}{251}
\entry {\env {POSIXLY_CORRECT} environment variable}{37}
\entry {\code {PREC} variable}{149}
\entry {precedence}{120, 128}
\entry {precedence, regexp operators}{50}
\entry {predefined variables}{147}
\entry {predefined variables, conveying information}{149}
\entry {predefined variables, user-modifiable}{147}
\entry {predefined variables, \code {-v} option\comma {} setting with}{32}
\entry {\option {--pretty-print} option}{35}
\entry {\code {print} debugger command}{333}
\entry {\code {print} statement}{89}
\entry {\code {print} statement, \code {BEGIN}/\code {END} patterns and}{135}
\entry {\code {print} statement, commas, omitting}{90}
\entry {\code {print} statement, I/O operators in}{128}
\entry {\code {print} statement, line continuations and}{90}
\entry {\code {print} statement, \code {OFMT} variable and}{148}
\entry {\code {print} statement, See Also redirection\comma {} of output}{98}
\entry {\code {print} statement, \code {sprintf()} function and}{222}
\entry {print variables, in debugger}{333}
\entry {\code {printf} debugger command}{334}
\entry {\code {printf} statement}{89, 92}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, columns\comma {} aligning}{90}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, format-control characters}{93}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, I/O operators in}{128}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, modifiers}{94}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, positional specifiers}{94, 319}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, positional specifiers, mixing with regular formats}{320}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, See Also redirection\comma {} of output}{98}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, \code {sprintf()} function and}{222}
\entry {\code {printf} statement, syntax of}{92}
\entry {printing}{89}
\entry {printing messages from extensions}{371}
\entry {printing, list of options}{34}
\entry {printing, mailing labels}{276}
\entry {printing, unduplicated lines of text}{265}
\entry {printing, user information}{260}
\entry {private variables}{218}
\entry {process group ID of \command {gawk} process}{152}
\entry {process ID of \command {gawk} process}{152}
\entry {processes, two-way communications with}{305}
\entry {processing data}{459}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO} array}{151, 192, 238}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO} array, and communications via ptys}{307}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO} array, and group membership}{242}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO} array, and user and group ID numbers}{260}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO} array, testing the field splitting}{241}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO} array, uses}{153}
\entry {\code {PROCINFO}, values of \code {sorted_in}}{165}
\entry {\option {--profile} option}{35, 309}
\entry {profiling \command {awk} programs}{309}
\entry {profiling \command {awk} programs, dynamically}{311}
\entry {program identifiers}{151}
\entry {program, definition of}{17}
\entry {programming conventions, \code {ARGC}/\code {ARGV} variables}{150}
\entry {programming conventions, \code {exit} statement}{146}
\entry {programming conventions, function parameters}{207}
\entry {programming conventions, functions, calling}{175}
\entry {programming conventions, functions, writing}{200}
\entry {programming conventions, \command {gawk} extensions}{391}
\entry {programming conventions, \code {--non-decimal-data} option}{299}
\entry {programming conventions, private variable names}{218}
\entry {programming language, recipe for}{6}
\entry {programming languages, Ada}{463}
\entry {programming languages, Java}{470}
\entry {programming languages\comma {} data-driven vs.\: procedural}{17}
\entry {programming, basic steps}{459}
\entry {programming, concepts}{459}
\entry {\command {pwcat} program}{238}
\initial {Q}
\entry {\code {q} debugger command (alias for \code {quit})}{338}
\entry {QSE \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {Quanstrom, Erik}{272}
\entry {question mark (\code {?}), \code {?:} operator}{129}
\entry {question mark (\code {?}), regexp operator}{49, 55}
\entry {QuikTrim Awk}{445}
\entry {\code {quit} debugger command}{338}
\entry {\code {QUIT} signal (MS-Windows)}{312}
\entry {quoting in \command {gawk} command lines}{19}
\entry {quoting in \command {gawk} command lines, tricks for}{22}
\entry {quoting, for small awk programs}{20}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {r} debugger command (alias for \code {run})}{332}
\entry {\option {-r} option}{36}
\entry {Rakitzis, Byron}{280}
\entry {Ramey, Chet}{12, 359}
\entry {\code {rand()} function}{176}
\entry {random numbers, Cliff}{223}
\entry {random numbers, \code {rand()}/\code {srand()} functions}{176}
\entry {random numbers, seed of}{176}
\entry {range expressions (regexps)}{50}
\entry {range patterns}{133}
\entry {range patterns, line continuation and}{134}
\entry {Rankin, Pat}{12, 117, 425}
\entry {\code {reada()} extension function}{406}
\entry {readable data files\comma {} checking}{231}
\entry {\code {readable.awk} program}{231}
\entry {\code {readdir} extension}{404}
\entry {\code {readfile()} extension function}{406}
\entry {\code {readfile()} user-defined function}{227}
\entry {reading input files}{59}
\entry {recipe for a programming language}{6}
\entry {record separators}{59, 149}
\entry {record separators, changing}{60}
\entry {record separators, regular expressions as}{61}
\entry {record separators, with multiline records}{76}
\entry {records}{59, 460}
\entry {records, multiline}{76}
\entry {records, printing}{89}
\entry {records, splitting input into}{59}
\entry {records, terminating}{61}
\entry {records, treating files as}{63}
\entry {recursive functions}{200}
\entry {redirect \command {gawk} output, in debugger}{336}
\entry {redirection of input}{80}
\entry {redirection of output}{97}
\entry {reference counting, sorting arrays}{305}
\entry {regexp}{45}
\entry {regexp constants}{46, 108, 123}
\entry {regexp constants, \code {/=\dots {}/}, \code {/=} operator and}{118}
\entry {regexp constants, as patterns}{132}
\entry {regexp constants, in \command {gawk}}{109}
\entry {regexp constants, slashes vs.\: quotes}{53}
\entry {regexp constants, vs.\: string constants}{53}
\entry {register extension}{363}
\entry {regular expressions}{45}
\entry {regular expressions as field separators}{67}
\entry {regular expressions, anchors in}{48}
\entry {regular expressions, as field separators}{68}
\entry {regular expressions, as patterns}{45, 131}
\entry {regular expressions, as record separators}{61}
\entry {regular expressions, case sensitivity}{55, 148}
\entry {regular expressions, computed}{52}
\entry {regular expressions, constants, See regexp constants}{46}
\entry {regular expressions, dynamic}{52}
\entry {regular expressions, dynamic, with embedded newlines}{54}
\entry {regular expressions, \command {gawk}, command-line options}{55}
\entry {regular expressions, interval expressions and}{36}
\entry {regular expressions, leftmost longest match}{52}
\entry {regular expressions, operators}{45, 48}
\entry {regular expressions, operators, for buffers}{55}
\entry {regular expressions, operators, for words}{54}
\entry {regular expressions, operators, \command {gawk}}{54}
\entry {regular expressions, operators, precedence of}{50}
\entry {regular expressions, searching for}{256}
\entry {\option {--re-interval} option}{36}
\entry {relational operators, See comparison operators}{120}
\entry {replace in string}{184}
\entry {\code {return} debugger command}{332}
\entry {\code {return} statement\comma {} user-defined functions}{206}
\entry {return value\comma {} \code {close()} function}{104}
\entry {\code {rev()} user-defined function}{202}
\entry {\code {revoutput} extension}{405}
\entry {\code {revtwoway} extension}{405}
\entry {\code {rewind()} user-defined function}{230}
\entry {right angle bracket (\code {>}), \code {>} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {right angle bracket (\code {>}), \code {>} operator (I/O)}{98}
\entry {right angle bracket (\code {>}), \code {>=} operator}{122, 128}
\entry {right angle bracket (\code {>}), \code {>>} operator (I/O)}{98, 128}
\entry {right shift}{197}
\entry {right shift, bitwise}{196}
\entry {Ritchie, Dennis}{461}
\entry {\code {RLENGTH} variable}{153}
\entry {\code {RLENGTH} variable, \code {match()} function and}{181}
\entry {Robbins, Arnold}{70, 82, 239, 272, 359, 427, 443, 453}
\entry {Robbins, Bill}{82}
\entry {Robbins, Harry}{12}
\entry {Robbins, Jean}{12}
\entry {Robbins, Miriam}{12, 82, 239}
\entry {Rommel, Kai Uwe}{426}
\entry {round to nearest integer}{176}
\entry {\code {round()} user-defined function}{222}
\entry {rounding numbers}{222}
\entry {\code {ROUNDMODE} variable}{149}
\entry {\code {RS} variable}{59, 149}
\entry {\code {RS} variable, multiline records and}{76}
\entry {\code {rshift()} function (\command {gawk})}{197}
\entry {\code {RSTART} variable}{153}
\entry {\code {RSTART} variable, \code {match()} function and}{181}
\entry {\code {RT} variable}{61, 78, 153}
\entry {Rubin, Paul}{6, 425}
\entry {rule, definition of}{17}
\entry {\code {run} debugger command}{332}
\entry {rvalues/lvalues}{116}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {s} debugger command (alias for \code {step})}{333}
\entry {\option {-S} option}{36}
\entry {sample debugging session}{326}
\entry {sandbox mode}{36}
\entry {\option {--sandbox} option}{36}
\entry {\option {--sandbox} option, disabling \code {system()} function}{191}
\entry {\option {--sandbox} option, input redirection with \code {getline}}{78}
\entry {\option {--sandbox} option, output redirection with \code {print}, \code {printf}}{97}
\entry {save debugger options}{336}
\entry {scalar or array}{198}
\entry {scalar values}{460}
\entry {scanning arrays}{163}
\entry {scanning multidimensional arrays}{171}
\entry {Schorr, Andrew}{12, 154, 427}
\entry {Schreiber, Bert}{12}
\entry {Schreiber, Rita}{12}
\entry {search and replace in strings}{178}
\entry {search in string}{180}
\entry {search paths}{295, 437, 442}
\entry {search paths, for loadable extensions}{40}
\entry {search paths, for source files}{39, 295, 437, 442}
\entry {searching, files for regular expressions}{256}
\entry {searching, for words}{271}
\entry {\command {sed} utility}{71, 284, 463}
\entry {seeding random number generator}{176}
\entry {semicolon (\code {;}), \env {AWKPATH} variable and}{437}
\entry {semicolon (\code {;}), separating statements in actions}{29, 137, 138}
\entry {separators, field}{147, 148}
\entry {separators, field, \code {FIELDWIDTHS} variable and}{147}
\entry {separators, field, \code {FPAT} variable and}{147}
\entry {separators, field, POSIX and}{63}
\entry {separators, for records}{59, 60, 149}
\entry {separators, for records, regular expressions as}{61}
\entry {separators, for statements in actions}{137}
\entry {separators, subscript}{149}
\entry {set breakpoint}{330}
\entry {\code {set} debugger command}{334}
\entry {set directory of message catalogs}{199}
\entry {set watchpoint}{334}
\entry {shadowing of variable values}{200}
\entry {shell quoting, rules for}{21}
\entry {shells, piping commands into}{100}
\entry {shells, quoting}{136}
\entry {shells, quoting, rules for}{21}
\entry {shells, scripts}{17}
\entry {shells, sea}{44}
\entry {shells, variables}{136}
\entry {shift, bitwise}{196}
\entry {short-circuit operators}{125}
\entry {show all source files, in debugger}{336}
\entry {show breakpoints}{335}
\entry {show function arguments, in debugger}{335}
\entry {show local variables, in debugger}{335}
\entry {show name of current source file, in debugger}{335}
\entry {show watchpoints}{336}
\entry {\code {si} debugger command (alias for \code {stepi})}{333}
\entry {side effects}{115, 119, 120}
\entry {side effects, array indexing}{161}
\entry {side effects, \code {asort()} function}{304}
\entry {side effects, assignment expressions}{116}
\entry {side effects, Boolean operators}{124}
\entry {side effects, conditional expressions}{126}
\entry {side effects, decrement/increment operators}{119}
\entry {side effects, \code {FILENAME} variable}{83}
\entry {side effects, function calls}{127}
\entry {side effects, statements}{138}
\entry {sidebar, A Constant's Base Does Not Affect Its Value}{108}
\entry {sidebar, Backslash Before Regular Characters}{47}
\entry {sidebar, Changing \code {FS} Does Not Affect the Fields}{71}
\entry {sidebar, Changing \code {NR} and \code {FNR}}{154}
\entry {sidebar, Controlling Output Buffering with \code {system()}}{191}
\entry {sidebar, Escape Sequences for Metacharacters}{48}
\entry {sidebar, \code {FS} and \code {IGNORECASE}}{72}
\entry {sidebar, Interactive Versus Noninteractive Buffering}{190}
\entry {sidebar, Matching the Null String}{186}
\entry {sidebar, Operator Evaluation Order}{120}
\entry {sidebar, Piping into \command {sh}}{100}
\entry {sidebar, Pre-POSIX \command {awk} Used \code {OFMT} for String Conversion}{112}
\entry {sidebar, Recipe for a Programming Language}{6}
\entry {sidebar, \code {RS = "{\tt \backslashcurfont }0"} Is Not Portable}{62}
\entry {sidebar, So Why Does \command {gawk} Have \code {BEGINFILE} and \code {ENDFILE}?}{230}
\entry {sidebar, Syntactic Ambiguities Between \samp {/=} and Regular Expressions}{118}
\entry {sidebar, Understanding \samp {#!}}{19}
\entry {sidebar, Understanding \code {$0}}{67}
\entry {sidebar, Using \code {close()}'s Return Value}{104}
\entry {sidebar, Using \code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }n} in Bracket Expressions of Dynamic Regexps}{54}
\entry {\code {SIGHUP} signal, for dynamic profiling}{312}
\entry {\code {SIGINT} signal (MS-Windows)}{312}
\entry {signals, \code {HUP}/\code {SIGHUP}, for profiling}{312}
\entry {signals, \code {INT}/\code {SIGINT} (MS-Windows)}{312}
\entry {signals, \code {QUIT}/\code {SIGQUIT} (MS-Windows)}{312}
\entry {signals, \code {USR1}/\code {SIGUSR1}, for profiling}{312}
\entry {signature program}{293}
\entry {\code {SIGQUIT} signal (MS-Windows)}{312}
\entry {\code {SIGUSR1} signal, for dynamic profiling}{312}
\entry {\code {silent} debugger command}{332}
\entry {\code {sin()} function}{177}
\entry {sine}{177}
\entry {single quote (\code {'})}{17}
\entry {single quote (\code {'}) in \command {gawk} command lines}{19}
\entry {single quote (\code {'}), in shell commands}{21}
\entry {single quote (\code {'}), vs.\: apostrophe}{20}
\entry {single quote (\code {'}), with double quotes}{22}
\entry {single-character fields}{69}
\entry {single-step execution, in the debugger}{332}
\entry {Skywalker, Luke}{44}
\entry {\command {sleep} utility}{274}
\entry {\code {sleep()} extension function}{407}
\entry {Solaris, POSIX-compliant \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {sort array}{178}
\entry {sort array indices}{178}
\entry {sort function, arrays, sorting}{304}
\entry {\command {sort} utility}{279}
\entry {\command {sort} utility, coprocesses and}{306}
\entry {sorting characters in different languages}{316}
\entry {source code, \command {awka}}{444}
\entry {source code, Brian Kernighan's \command {awk}}{444}
\entry {source code, BusyBox Awk}{445}
\entry {source code, \command {gawk}}{429}
\entry {source code, Illumos \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {source code, \command {jawk}}{445}
\entry {source code, libmawk}{445}
\entry {source code, \command {mawk}}{444}
\entry {source code, mixing}{33}
\entry {source code, \command {pawk}}{445}
\entry {source code, \command {pawk} (Python version)}{445}
\entry {source code, QSE \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {source code, QuikTrim Awk}{445}
\entry {source code, Solaris \command {awk}}{445}
\entry {source files\comma {} search path for}{295}
\entry {\option {--source} option}{33}
\entry {sparse arrays}{160}
\entry {Spencer, Henry}{463}
\entry {split string into array}{182}
\entry {\code {split} utility}{262}
\entry {\code {split()} function}{182}
\entry {\code {split()} function, array elements\comma {} deleting}{169}
\entry {\code {split.awk} program}{262}
\entry {\code {sprintf()} function}{92, 183}
\entry {\code {sprintf()} function, \code {OFMT} variable and}{148}
\entry {\code {sprintf()} function, \code {print}/\code {printf} statements and}{222}
\entry {\code {sqrt()} function}{177}
\entry {square brackets (\code {[]}), regexp operator}{49}
\entry {square root}{177}
\entry {\code {srand()} function}{177}
\entry {stack frame}{325}
\entry {Stallman, Richard}{10, 11, 425, 468}
\entry {standard error}{100}
\entry {standard input}{18, 100}
\entry {standard output}{100}
\entry {starting the debugger}{327}
\entry {\code {stat()} extension function}{398}
\entry {statements, compound\comma {} control statements and}{138}
\entry {statements, control, in actions}{138}
\entry {statements, multiple}{29}
\entry {\code {step} debugger command}{333}
\entry {\code {stepi} debugger command}{333}
\entry {stop automatic display, in debugger}{334}
\entry {stream editors}{71, 284}
\entry {\code {strftime()} function (\command {gawk})}{192}
\entry {string constants}{107}
\entry {string constants, vs.\: regexp constants}{53}
\entry {string extraction (internationalization)}{319}
\entry {string length}{180}
\entry {string operators}{115}
\entry {string, regular expression match}{180}
\entry {string-manipulation functions}{177}
\entry {string-matching operators}{45}
\entry {strings splitting, example}{183}
\entry {strings, converting}{111, 198}
\entry {strings, converting letter case}{186}
\entry {strings, converting, numbers to}{147, 148}
\entry {strings, empty, See null strings}{61}
\entry {strings, extracting}{319}
\entry {strings, for localization}{317}
\entry {strings, length limitations}{107}
\entry {strings, merging arrays into}{225}
\entry {strings, null}{68}
\entry {strings, numeric}{121}
\entry {string-translation functions}{198}
\entry {\code {strtonum()} function (\command {gawk})}{183}
\entry {\code {strtonum()} function (\command {gawk}), \code {--non-decimal-data} option and}{299}
\entry {\code {sub()} function}{109, 184}
\entry {\code {sub()} function, arguments of}{185}
\entry {\code {sub()} function, escape processing}{186}
\entry {subscript separators}{149}
\entry {subscripts in arrays, multidimensional}{169}
\entry {subscripts in arrays, multidimensional, scanning}{171}
\entry {subscripts in arrays, numbers as}{167}
\entry {subscripts in arrays, uninitialized variables as}{167}
\entry {\code {SUBSEP} variable}{149}
\entry {\code {SUBSEP} variable, and multidimensional arrays}{169}
\entry {substitute in string}{178}
\entry {\code {substr()} function}{185}
\entry {substring}{185}
\entry {Sumner, Andrew}{444}
\entry {supplementary groups of \command {gawk} process}{153}
\entry {\code {switch} statement}{141}
\entry {\code {SYMTAB} array}{153}
\entry {syntactic ambiguity: \code {/=} operator vs. \code {/=\dots {}/} regexp constant}{118}
\entry {\code {system()} function}{190}
\entry {\code {systime()} function (\command {gawk})}{193}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {t} debugger command (alias for \code {tbreak})}{331}
\entry {\code {tbreak} debugger command}{331}
\entry {Tcl}{218}
\entry {TCP/IP}{307}
\entry {TCP/IP, support for}{101}
\entry {\code {tee} utility}{263}
\entry {\code {tee.awk} program}{264}
\entry {temporary breakpoint}{331}
\entry {terminating records}{61}
\entry {\code {testbits.awk} program}{197}
\entry {\code {testext} extension}{407}
\entry {Texinfo}{9, 217, 271, 281, 431, 449}
\entry {Texinfo, chapter beginnings in files}{48}
\entry {Texinfo, extracting programs from source files}{281}
\entry {text, printing}{89}
\entry {text\comma {} printing, unduplicated lines of}{265}
\entry {\code {textdomain()} function (C library)}{315}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN} variable}{149, 317}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN} variable, \code {BEGIN} pattern and}{318}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN} variable, portability and}{321}
\entry {tilde (\code {~}), \code {~} operator}{45, 52, 56, 108, 122, 123, 129, 132}
\entry {time functions}{191}
\entry {time, alarm clock example program}{272}
\entry {time, localization and}{317}
\entry {time, managing}{225}
\entry {time, retrieving}{192}
\entry {timeout, reading input}{84}
\entry {timestamps}{191, 193}
\entry {timestamps, converting dates to}{193}
\entry {timestamps, formatted}{225}
\entry {\code {tolower()} function}{186}
\entry {\code {toupper()} function}{186}
\entry {\command {tr} utility}{274}
\entry {\code {trace} debugger command}{338}
\entry {traceback, display in debugger}{335}
\entry {\option {--traditional} option}{32}
\entry {\option {--traditional} option, \code {--posix} option and}{36}
\entry {translate string}{199}
\entry {\code {translate.awk} program}{275}
\entry {treating files, as single records}{63}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {==} operator}{122}
\entry {troubleshooting, \command {awk} uses \code {FS} not \code {IFS}}{67}
\entry {troubleshooting, backslash before nonspecial character}{47}
\entry {troubleshooting, division}{114}
\entry {troubleshooting, fatal errors, field widths\comma {} specifying}{72}
\entry {troubleshooting, fatal errors, \code {printf} format strings}{96}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {fflush()} function}{189}
\entry {troubleshooting, function call syntax}{126}
\entry {troubleshooting, \command {gawk}}{447}
\entry {troubleshooting, \command {gawk}, bug reports}{442}
\entry {troubleshooting, \command {gawk}, fatal errors\comma {} function arguments}{175}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {getline} function}{231}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {gsub()}/\code {sub()} functions}{185}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {match()} function}{182}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {--non-decimal-data} option}{35}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {print} statement\comma {} omitting commas}{90}
\entry {troubleshooting, printing}{99}
\entry {troubleshooting, quotes with file names}{101}
\entry {troubleshooting, readable data files}{231}
\entry {troubleshooting, regexp constants vs.\: string constants}{53}
\entry {troubleshooting, string concatenation}{115}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {substr()} function}{185}
\entry {troubleshooting, \code {system()} function}{191}
\entry {troubleshooting, typographical errors\comma {} global variables}{33}
\entry {true, logical}{120}
\entry {Trueman, David}{6, 12, 425}
\entry {trunc-mod operation}{114}
\entry {truth values}{120}
\entry {type conversion}{112}
\initial {U}
\entry {\code {u} debugger command (alias for \code {until})}{333}
\entry {unassigned array elements}{161}
\entry {undefined functions}{206}
\entry {underscore (\code {_}), C macro}{316}
\entry {underscore (\code {_}), in names of private variables}{218}
\entry {underscore (\code {_}), translatable string}{318}
\entry {\code {undisplay} debugger command}{334}
\entry {undocumented features}{44}
\entry {Unicode}{224, 424, 465}
\entry {uninitialized variables, as array subscripts}{167}
\entry {\command {uniq} utility}{265}
\entry {\code {uniq.awk} program}{266}
\entry {Unix}{474}
\entry {Unix \command {awk}, backslashes in escape sequences}{47}
\entry {Unix \command {awk}, \code {close()} function and}{104}
\entry {Unix \command {awk}, password files\comma {} field separators and}{70}
\entry {Unix, \command {awk} scripts and}{19}
\entry {\code {UNIXROOT} variable, on OS/2 systems}{437}
\entry {unsigned integers}{341}
\entry {\code {until} debugger command}{333}
\entry {\code {unwatch} debugger command}{334}
\entry {\code {up} debugger command}{335}
\entry {\option {--use-lc-numeric} option}{35}
\entry {user database\comma {} reading}{238}
\entry {user-defined functions}{199}
\entry {user-defined, functions, counts, in a profile}{311}
\entry {user-defined, variables}{110}
\entry {user-modifiable variables}{147}
\entry {users, information about, printing}{260}
\entry {users, information about, retrieving}{238}
\entry {\code {USR1} signal, for dynamic profiling}{312}
\initial {V}
\entry {\option {-v} option}{32, 111}
\entry {\option {-V} option}{36}
\entry {values, numeric}{460}
\entry {values, string}{460}
\entry {variable assignments and input files}{38}
\entry {variable typing}{120}
\entry {variables}{29, 460}
\entry {variables, assigning on command line}{111}
\entry {variables, built-in}{110}
\entry {variables, flag}{125}
\entry {variables, \code {getline} command into\comma {} using}{79, 80, 82, 83}
\entry {variables, global, for library functions}{218}
\entry {variables, global, printing list of}{33}
\entry {variables, initializing}{110}
\entry {variables, local to a function}{203}
\entry {variables, predefined}{147}
\entry {variables, predefined conveying information}{149}
\entry {variables, predefined \code {-v} option\comma {} setting with}{32}
\entry {variables, private}{218}
\entry {variables, setting}{32}
\entry {variables, shadowing}{200}
\entry {variables, types of}{116}
\entry {variables, types of, comparison expressions and}{120}
\entry {variables, uninitialized\comma {} as array subscripts}{167}
\entry {variables, user-defined}{110}
\entry {version of \command {gawk}}{152}
\entry {version of \command {gawk} extension API}{153}
\entry {version of GNU MP library}{153}
\entry {version of GNU MPFR library}{153}
\entry {\option {--version} option}{36}
\entry {vertical bar (\code {|})}{49}
\entry {vertical bar (\code {|}), \code {|} operator (I/O)}{81, 128}
\entry {vertical bar (\code {|}), \code {|&} operator (I/O)}{82, 128, 306}
\entry {vertical bar (\code {|}), \code {||} operator}{125, 129}
\entry {Vinschen, Corinna}{12}
\initial {W}
\entry {\code {w} debugger command (alias for \code {watch})}{334}
\entry {\command {w} utility}{72}
\entry {\option {-W} option}{32}
\entry {\code {wait()} extension function}{402}
\entry {\code {waitpid()} extension function}{402}
\entry {\code {walk_array()} user-defined function}{246}
\entry {Wall, Larry}{159, 453}
\entry {Wallin, Anders}{426}
\entry {warnings, issuing}{34}
\entry {\code {watch} debugger command}{334}
\entry {watchpoint}{326}
\entry {\command {wc} utility}{269}
\entry {\code {wc.awk} program}{269}
\entry {Weinberger, Peter}{6, 425}
\entry {\code {where} debugger command}{335}
\entry {\code {where} debugger command (alias for \code {backtrace})}{335}
\entry {\code {while} statement}{139}
\entry {\code {while} statement, use of regexps in}{45}
\entry {whitespace, as field separators}{68}
\entry {whitespace, functions\comma {} calling}{175}
\entry {whitespace, newlines as}{36}
\entry {Williams, Kent}{425}
\entry {\option {--with-whiny-user-strftime} configuration option}{434}
\entry {Woehlke, Matthew}{426}
\entry {Woods, John}{425}
\entry {word boundaries\comma {} matching}{54}
\entry {word, regexp definition of}{54}
\entry {word-boundary operator (\command {gawk})}{55}
\entry {\code {wordfreq.awk} program}{279}
\entry {words, counting}{269}
\entry {words, duplicate\comma {} searching for}{271}
\entry {words, usage counts\comma {} generating}{278}
\entry {\code {writea()} extension function}{406}
\initial {X}
\entry {\code {xgettext} utility}{319}
\entry {\code {xor()} function (\command {gawk})}{197}
\entry {XOR bitwise operation}{196}
\initial {Y}
\entry {Yawitz, Efraim}{427}
\initial {Z}
\entry {Zaretskii, Eli}{12, 426, 443}
\entry {\code {zerofile.awk} program}{232}
\entry {Zoulas, Christos}{426}