bug#43558: [PATCH]: Fix (forward-comment 1) when end delimiter is escaped.

[Alan Mackenzie]

Hello, Michael.

On Thu, Sep 24, 2020 at 14:52:16 -0400, Michael Welsh Duggan wrote:
> Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> writes:

> > On Wed, Sep 23, 2020 at 11:01:59 +0200, Mattias Engdegård wrote:
> >> Sorry if I misunderstood, but since when do backslashes escape */ in C?

> > Since forever, but only in the CC Mode test suite.  :-(

> > I just tried it out with gcc, and it seems that \*/ does indeed end a
> > block comment.  But an escaped newline doesn't end a line comment,
> > instead continuing it to the next line.  So I got confused.  Thanks for
> > pointing out the mistake.

> > It seems that as well as the existing variable
> > comment-end-can-be-escaped, we need a new one, say
> > line-comment-end-can-be-escaped, too.  In C and C++ modes, these would
> > be nil and t respectively.

> But where does it say that backslashes escape */ in C++?

Nowhere.  :-(

There has been a test in the CC Mode test suite for many years which
assumed this (but was disabled for existing (X)Emacs versions, waiting
for a new Emacs version to be "fixed").

> The C++ 14 standard (and it hasn't changed through C++ 20) says:

>     2.7 Comments [lex.comment]
    
>     The characters /* start a comment, which terminates with the
>     characters */. These comments do not nest.  The characters // start
>     a comment, which terminates immediately before the next new-line
>     character.

For all the difference it makes, Emacs assumes the comment ends _after_
the NL.

>     If there is a form-feed or a vertical-tab character in such a
>     comment, only white-space characters shall appear between it and
>     the new-line that terminates the comment; no diagnostic is
>     required.

I didn't know that.  Emacs/CC Mode doesn't code up this subtlety.  It
probably isn't worth bothering about.

>     [ Note: The comment characters //, /*, and */ have no special
>     meaning within a // comment and are treated just like other
>     characters. Similarly, the comment characters // and /* have no
>     special meaning within a /* comment.  — end note ]

Additionally, an escaped newline continues a comment onto the next line.
This happens, notionally, at a very early stage of compilation where a
backslash followed by NL anywhere get replaced by a space.  I think that
even two backslashes followed by NL would get replaced by backslash,
space.

> -- 
> Michael Welsh Duggan
> (md5i@md5i.com)

-- 
Alan Mackenzie (Nuremberg, Germany).