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Re: [PATCH 11/15] ppc/ppc405: Fix boot from kernel


From: BALATON Zoltan
Subject: Re: [PATCH 11/15] ppc/ppc405: Fix boot from kernel
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 2021 16:16:39 +0100 (CET)

On Mon, 6 Dec 2021, Cédric Le Goater wrote:
The machine can already boot with kernel and initrd U-boot images if a
firmware is loaded first. Adapt and improve the load sequence to let
the machine boot directly from a Linux kernel ELF image and a usual
initrd image if a firmware image is not provided. For that, install a
custom CPU reset handler to setup the registers and to start the CPU
from the Linux kernel entry point.

Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
---
hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c | 145 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
1 file changed, 102 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c b/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c
index 71a652e2d846..3ae2b36373a5 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "hw/loader.h"
#include "qemu/cutils.h"
+#include "elf.h"

#define BIOS_FILENAME "ppc405_rom.bin"
#define BIOS_SIZE (2 * MiB)
@@ -136,25 +137,101 @@ static void ref405ep_fpga_init(MemoryRegion *sysmem, 
uint32_t base)
    qemu_register_reset(&ref405ep_fpga_reset, fpga);
}

+/*
+ * CPU reset handler when booting directly from a loaded kernel
+ */
+static struct boot_info {
+    uint32_t entry;
+    uint32_t bdloc;
+    uint32_t initrd_base;
+    uint32_t initrd_size;
+    uint32_t cmdline_base;
+    uint32_t cmdline_size;
+} boot_info;
+
+static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
+{
+    PowerPCCPU *cpu = opaque;
+    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    struct boot_info *bi = env->load_info;
+
+    cpu_reset(CPU(cpu));
+
+    /* stack: top of sram */
+    env->gpr[1] = PPC405EP_SRAM_BASE + PPC405EP_SRAM_SIZE - 8;
+
+    /* Tune our boot state */
+    env->gpr[3] = bi->bdloc;
+    env->gpr[4] = bi->initrd_base;
+    env->gpr[5] = bi->initrd_base + bi->initrd_size;
+    env->gpr[6] = bi->cmdline_base;
+    env->gpr[7] = bi->cmdline_size;
+
+    env->nip = bi->entry;
+}
+
+static void boot_from_kernel(MachineState *machine, PowerPCCPU *cpu)
+{
+    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;
+    hwaddr boot_entry;
+    hwaddr kernel_base;
+    int kernel_size;
+    hwaddr initrd_base;
+    int initrd_size;
+    ram_addr_t bdloc;
+    int len;
+
+    bdloc = ppc405_set_bootinfo(env, machine->ram_size);
+    boot_info.bdloc = bdloc;
+
+    kernel_size = load_elf(machine->kernel_filename, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                           &boot_entry, &kernel_base, NULL, NULL,
+                           1, PPC_ELF_MACHINE, 0, 0);
+    if (kernel_size < 0) {
+        error_report("Could not load kernel '%s' : %s",
+                     machine->kernel_filename, load_elf_strerror(kernel_size));
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    boot_info.entry = boot_entry;
+
+    /* load initrd */
+    if (machine->initrd_filename) {
+        initrd_base = INITRD_LOAD_ADDR;
+        initrd_size = load_image_targphys(machine->initrd_filename, 
initrd_base,
+                                          machine->ram_size - initrd_base);
+        if (initrd_size < 0) {
+            error_report("could not load initial ram disk '%s'",
+                         machine->initrd_filename);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        boot_info.initrd_base = initrd_base;
+        boot_info.initrd_size = initrd_size;
+    }
+
+    if (machine->kernel_cmdline) {
+        len = strlen(machine->kernel_cmdline);
+        bdloc -= ((len + 255) & ~255);
+        cpu_physical_memory_write(bdloc, machine->kernel_cmdline, len + 1);
+        boot_info.cmdline_base = bdloc;
+        boot_info.cmdline_size = bdloc + len;
+    }
+
+    /* Install our custom reset handler to start from Linux */
+    qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, cpu);
+    env->load_info = &boot_info;
+}
+
static void ref405ep_init(MachineState *machine)
{
    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine);
    const char *kernel_filename = machine->kernel_filename;

You could also get rid of kernel_filename and use machine->kernel_filename instead like for the others below. It does not help readability especially if only this one is aliased in a local variable but not the others. (Getting rid of these variables could be a separate patch in case that simpifies the actual change in this patch for easier review.)

Regards,
BALATON Zoltan

-    const char *kernel_cmdline = machine->kernel_cmdline;
-    const char *initrd_filename = machine->initrd_filename;
    PowerPCCPU *cpu;
-    CPUPPCState *env;
    DeviceState *dev;
    SysBusDevice *s;
    MemoryRegion *sram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
-    ram_addr_t bdloc;
    MemoryRegion *ram_memories = g_new(MemoryRegion, 2);
    hwaddr ram_bases[2], ram_sizes[2];
-    long bios_size = -1;
-    target_ulong kernel_base, initrd_base;
-    long kernel_size, initrd_size;
-    int linux_boot;
-    int len;
    MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
    DeviceState *uicdev;

@@ -176,7 +253,6 @@ static void ref405ep_init(MachineState *machine)

    cpu = ppc405ep_init(sysmem, ram_memories, ram_bases, ram_sizes,
                        33333333, &uicdev, kernel_filename == NULL ? 0 : 1);
-    env = &cpu->env;

    /* allocate SRAM */
    memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "ef405ep.sram", PPC405EP_SRAM_SIZE,
@@ -187,6 +263,7 @@ static void ref405ep_init(MachineState *machine)
    if (machine->firmware) {
        MemoryRegion *bios = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
        g_autofree char *filename;
+        long bios_size;

        memory_region_init_rom(bios, NULL, "ef405ep.bios", BIOS_SIZE,
                               &error_fatal);
@@ -217,54 +294,36 @@ static void ref405ep_init(MachineState *machine)
    s = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
    sysbus_realize_and_unref(s, &error_fatal);
    sysbus_mmio_map(s, 0, PPC405EP_NVRAM_BASE);
-    /* Load kernel */
-    linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
-    if (linux_boot) {
-        bdloc = ppc405_set_bootinfo(env, machine->ram_size);
-        env->gpr[3] = bdloc;
+
+    /* Load kernel and initrd using U-Boot images */
+    if (kernel_filename && machine->firmware) {
+        target_ulong kernel_base, initrd_base;
+        long kernel_size, initrd_size;
+
        kernel_base = KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
-        /* now we can load the kernel */
        kernel_size = load_image_targphys(kernel_filename, kernel_base,
                                          machine->ram_size - kernel_base);
        if (kernel_size < 0) {
            error_report("could not load kernel '%s'", kernel_filename);
            exit(1);
        }
-        printf("Load kernel size %ld at " TARGET_FMT_lx,
-               kernel_size, kernel_base);
+
        /* load initrd */
-        if (initrd_filename) {
+        if (machine->initrd_filename) {
            initrd_base = INITRD_LOAD_ADDR;
-            initrd_size = load_image_targphys(initrd_filename, initrd_base,
+            initrd_size = load_image_targphys(machine->initrd_filename,
+                                              initrd_base,
                                              machine->ram_size - initrd_base);
            if (initrd_size < 0) {
                error_report("could not load initial ram disk '%s'",
-                             initrd_filename);
+                             machine->initrd_filename);
                exit(1);
            }
-        } else {
-            initrd_base = 0;
-            initrd_size = 0;
-        }
-        env->gpr[4] = initrd_base;
-        env->gpr[5] = initrd_size;
-        if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
-            len = strlen(kernel_cmdline);
-            bdloc -= ((len + 255) & ~255);
-            cpu_physical_memory_write(bdloc, kernel_cmdline, len + 1);
-            env->gpr[6] = bdloc;
-            env->gpr[7] = bdloc + len;
-        } else {
-            env->gpr[6] = 0;
-            env->gpr[7] = 0;
        }
-        env->nip = KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
-    } else {
-        kernel_base = 0;
-        kernel_size = 0;
-        initrd_base = 0;
-        initrd_size = 0;
-        bdloc = 0;
+
+    /* Load ELF kernel and rootfs.cpio */
+    } else if (kernel_filename && !machine->firmware) {
+        boot_from_kernel(machine, cpu);
    }
}


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